放射強制力算定に必要な対流圏エアロゾルの放射特性に関する研究

1998 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 10304035
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• Research Institution: The University of Tokyo
• Principal Investigator: 中島 映至 東京大学, 気候システム研究センター, 教授 (60124608)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 沼口 敦 東京大学, 気候システム研究センター, 助教授 (30237797) ; 遠藤 辰雄 北海道大学, 低温科学研究所降雪物理部門, 助教授 (20001844) ; 太田 幸雄 北海道大学, 工学部, 教授 (00100058) ; 竹内 延夫 千葉大学, 千葉大学環境リモートセンシング研究センター, 教授 (60101044) ; 高村 民雄 千葉大学, 千葉大学環境リモートセンシング研究センター, 教授 (40272356)
• Keywords: 放射強制力 / 対流圏エアロゾル / 放射特性

Research Abstract

積分型ネフェロメータ、吸収率測走器、アンダーセンサンプラー、スカイラジオメーター用船舶システムを予定通り購入し、また、NOAA-GAC,SeaWiFS,TOMS衛星データの収集をおこなった。これによってほぼ研究の基盤作りができた。進行状況は、ほぼ予定通りか少し早めである。その結果、本年度は以下のような成果が得られた。
(1) NOAA/AVHRRやADEOS/OCTS衛生搭載放射計の2波長を利用したエアロゾル・アルゴリズムを本研究用に整備した。AVHRRについては多年度のリモートセンシングに着手し、全球、特にアジア域におけるエアロゾルの大規模分布と長年変化を調べた。それによるとピナツボ火山起源のエアロゾルが光学的厚さの時系列の中で大きな割合を占めており、対流圏エアロゾルについては、センサーの検定定数をチューニングすることによって精度向上をはかる必要があることが分かった。
(2) 新たに購入した船舶システムアタッチメントをスカイラジオメーターに取り付け、調査船「みらい」上において、テスト観測を実行した。また、米国のINDOEXプロジェクトの一環として、NOAAの観測船に機器を取り付けてテストを行った。これらの航海での動作は良好であるものの、太陽位置センサーの精度が足りないことが明らかになり、現在、改良中である。また、取得したデータを解析中である。
(3) CCSR/NIES大気大循環モデルに、硫酸塩エアロゾル、生物マス燃焼起源エアロゾル、土壌性エアロゾル、海塩エアロゾルモデルを取り入れ、数値実験を開始した。その結果、全球分布が衛星観測と非常に良い一致が見られた。特に、中緯度の小粒子エアロゾルの分布や熱帯域の小粒子ベルトなどが発見された。これについては新聞報道も行った。

Research Products

• [Publications] Numaguti,A: "Origin and recycling processes of precipitating water over the Eurasian continent: Experiments using an atmospheric general circulation model" J.Geophys.Res. (in press). (1998)
• [Publications] Asai,T.,S.Ke,Y.-M.Kodama: "J.Meteor.Soc.Japan" Diurnal variability of cloudiness over East Asia and the western Pacific Ocean as revealed by GMS during the warm season. 76(5. 675-684 (1998)
• [Publications] Chevert,P.,H.Isaka,T.Nakajima: "Influence of crystal shapes on radiative fluxes in visible wavelength: ice crystals randomly oriented in space" Annalae Geophysicae. 14. 837-844 (1996)
• [Publications] Fukushima,H.,A.Higurashi et al.: "Correction of atmospheric effect on ADEOS/OCTS ocean color data: Algorithm description and evaluation of its performance" J.Oceanogr. (in press).
• [Publications] Hasegawa,A.,H.L.Tanaka,H.Hirakuchi,S.Taguchi: "Comparative energetics analysis of CCM2 with different horizontal resolutions" Climate Dynamics. 13. 521-532 (1997)
• [Publications] Hayasaka,T.,asuhiko Megro et al.: "Stratification and size distribution of aerosols retrieved from simultaneous measurements with lidar,a sun photometer,and an aureolemeter" Applied Optics. 37,No.6. 961-970 (1998)
• [Publications] Higurashi,A.,T.Nakajima: "Development of a Two Channel Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm on Global Scale Using NOAA/AVHRR" J.Atmos.Sci. 56. 924-941 (1999)
• [Publications] Inoue,T.: "Day-to-night cloudiness change of cloud types inferred from split window measurements aboard NOAA polar-orbiting satellites" J.Meteor.Soc.Japan. 75. 59-66 (1997)
• [Publications] Inoue,T.: "Contrast of 87/88 indian summer monsoon observed by split window measurements" Advances in Space Research. 19. 447-455 (1997)
• [Publications] Kato,K,T.Koshida T.Takeda: "On the unstable stratification associated with Cloud Top Entrainment Instability over the East China Sea during cold-air outbreak situations" J.Meteor.Soc.Japan. 74. 655-671 (1996)
• [Publications] 加藤内蔵進・劉国勝・森昌彦・武田喬男・牧原康隆: "1993年冷夏時の梅雨前線活動と水循環" 気象研究ノート. 189. 72-87 (1997)
• [Publications] Kaufman,Y.J.,D.TanrH.R.Gordon: "Passive remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol and atmospheric correction for the aerosol effect" J.Geophys.Res.102. 16815-16830 (1997)
• [Publications] Kodama,Y.-M.: "Airmass transformation of the Yamase air-flow in the summer of 1993" J.Meteor.Soc.Japan. 75. 737-751 (1997)
• [Publications] Kokhanovsky,A.A.,T.Nakajima,E.P.Zege: "Physically based parameterizations of the short-wave radiative characteristics of weakly absorbing media: application to liquid-water clouds" Appl.Opt.37. 3691-3698 (1998)
• [Publications] Kondratyev,K.Ya.,T.Nakajima, et al.: "Priorities of global change and the development of remote sensing in Japan" Int.J.Remote.Sens.19. 1259-1282 (1998)
• [Publications] Kuji,M.,T.Hayasaka,N.Kikuchi et al.: "The retrieval of effective particle radius and liquid water path of low-level marine clouds from NOAA AVHRR data" J.Appl.Meteor.(accepted). (1998)
• [Publications] Lemke,H.,H.Okamoto,M.Quante: "Comments on error analysis of backscatter from discrete dipole approximation for different ice particle shapes" Atmos.Res.49. 189-197 (1998)
• [Publications] Mukai,S.,I.Sano,Y.Sasano et al.: "Optical properties of Stratospheric Aerosols" Adv.Space Res.17. 67-70 (1996)
• [Publications] Nakajima,T.,A.Higurashi: "AVHRR remote sensing of aerosol optical properties in the Persian Gulf region,the summer 1991" J.Geophys.Res.102. 16935-16946 (1997)
• [Publications] Nakajima,T.,A.Higurashi: "A use of two-channel radiances for an aerosol characterization from space" Geophys.Res.Lett.25. 3815-3818 (1998)
• [Publications] Nakajima,T.,T.Hayasaka,et al.: "Aerosol optical properties of Persian Gulf region Part I.Ground-based solar radiation measurement in Iran" J.Appl.Meteor.35. 1265-1278 (1996)
• [Publications] Nakajima,T.,G.Tonna,R.Rao,et al.: "Use of sky brightness measurements from ground for remote sensing of particulate polydispersions" App.Opt.35. 2672-2686 (1996)
• [Publications] Nakajima,T.,Y.Awaya,M.Kishino,et al.: "The current status of the ADEOS-II/GLI mission" Advanced and Next-Generation Satellites II. 2957. 183-190 (1997)
• [Publications] Nakajima,T.Y.,T.Nakajima,et al: "Optimization of the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite II Global Imager Channels by use of radiative transfer calculations" Appl.Opt.37. 3149-3163 (1998)
• [Publications] Mukai,S.,I.SanoT.Takashima: "Investigation of atmospheric aerosols based on polarization measurements and scattering simulations" Optical Review. 3. 487-49 (1996)
• [Publications] Mukai,S.,I.Sano,T.Takashima,K.Masuda: "Validation of Atmospheric Correction Algorithms based on Multi-sensor data" Adv.Space Res.19. 1371-1374 (1997)
• [Publications] Mukai,S.,I.Sano.T.Takashima: "Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectance (POLDER) has Succeded in Detecting Aerosols" Geocarto Int.12. 51-52 (1997)
• [Publications] Mukai,S.,I.Sano.A.oigo: "Removal of Scattered Light in the Earth Atmosphere" Earth,Planets and Space (EPS). 50. 595-601 (1998)
• [Publications] Mukai S.I.Sano: "Algorithms for Aerosol Retrieval based on Scattering Calculations" Computers and Mathematics with Applications. (in press) (1998)
• [Publications] 向井 苑生,佐野 到,高島 勉,増田 一彦: "POLDERデータを用いたエアロゾル特性の導出 2.OCTSデータとの複合利用" 日本リモートセンシング学会誌. 17. 47-52 (1997)
• [Publications] Nakajima,T.A.Higurashi,K.Aoki,et al.: "Early phase analysis of OCTS radiance data for aerosol remote sensing" IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens.(in press) (1999)
• [Publications] Nakamura,H.: "Year-to-Year and Interdecadal Variability in the Activity of Intraseasonal Fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere Wintertime Circulation" Theor.Appl.Climatol. 55. 19-32 (1996)
• [Publications] Nakamura,H.,G.Lin.T.Yamagata: "Decadal Climate Variability in the North Pacific during the Recent Decades" Bull.Amer.Meteor.Soc.78. 2215-2225 (1997)
• [Publications] Nakamura,H.,M.akamura,J.L.Anderson: "The Role of High- and Low-Frequency Dynamics in Blocking Formation" Mon.Wea.Rev. 125. 2074-2093 (1997)
• [Publications] Nakamura,H.,T.Yamagata: "Recent Decadal SST Variability in the Western Pacific and Associated Atmospheric Anomalies,"Beyond El Nino : Decadal Climate Varibility"" Springer. 63-87 (1998)
• [Publications] Nakamura,H.,T.Yamagata: "oceans and Climate Shifts,Letters to the Editor" Science. 286. 1144-1144 (1998)
• [Publications] 中村 尚,林 国尭,山形俊男: "北太平洋大気海洋nで近年観測された10年規模変動の特徴" 気象研究ノート. 189. 217-230 (1997)
• [Publications] 中村 尚,泉 卓也,新保明彦: "オホーツク海高気圧の形成に関わる上層のプロッキング高気圧の時間発展とその力学" 気象研究ノート. 189. 177-190 (1997)
• [Publications] 中村 尚,山形俊男: "北太平洋大気海洋系の10年規模変動と海洋フロント" 月刊海洋. 29. 642-648 (1997)
• [Publications] Naoe,H.,Y.Matsuda,H.Nakamura: "Rossby Wave propagation in Idealized and Realistic zonally Varying Flows" J.Metero.Soc.Japan. 75. 687-700 (1997)
• [Publications] Okamoto,H.,Y.Xu: "Light scattering by irregular interplanetary dust" Earth,Planet and Space. 50. 577-585 (1998)
• [Publications] Okamoto,H.,Y.Sasano,S.Mukai,et al.: "ADEOS/ILAS Aerosol Retriaval Algorithm with 5 Channels" Adv.Spac Res. 21. 443-446 (1998)
• [Publications] Okamoto,H.,Y.Sasano,S.Mukai,et al.: "ADEOS/ILAS aerosol retrieval algorithm with 5 channels" Adv.Space.Res.21. 443-446 (1998)
• [Publications] 岡本 創: "ILASによる赤外波長でのエアロゾル観測(ILAS measurements of stratospheric aerosols at the infrared wavelengths)" エアロゾル研究. 2(1). 18-22 (1997)
• [Publications] Sano,I.,S.Mukai,T.Takashima,Y.Yamaguchi: "Retrieval Algorithms for Photopolarimetric Properties of Aerosols" Adv.Space Res.17. 63-66 (1996)
• [Publications] Sano,I.,S.Mukai.T.Takashima: "Multispectral Polarization Measurements of Atmospheric Aerosols" Adv.Space Res.19. 1379-1382 (1997)
• [Publications] Sano,I.,S.Mukai.T.Takashima: "Polarimetric Properties of Aerosol Particles" Earth.Planets and Space (EPS). 50. 513-519 (1998)
• [Publications] Sano,I.,S.Mukai.T.Takashima: "Aerosol distribution based on polarization-and radiance- measurements by ADEOS/POLDER" SPIE. 3439. 462-469 (1998)
• [Publications] 佐野 到,向井 苑生: "POLDERデータを用いたエアロゾル特性の導出 1.データの切り出しからフレーム画像表示まで" 日本リモートセンシング学会誌. 17. 155-160 (1997)
• [Publications] Sui,C.-H.,K.-M.Lau,Y.N.Takayabu.D.A.Short: "Diurnal variations in tropical oceanic cumulus convection during TOGA COARE" J.Atmos.Sci.54. 639-655 (1997)
• [Publications] Takamura,T.: "A method to retrieve a precipitable water using a microwave spectro-radiometer" J.Met.Soc.Jpn. 74. No.1,37-47 (1996)
• [Publications] 高村民雄: "地球環境のマイクロ波放射計リモートセンシング" 気象研究ノート. 187. 93-120 (1996)
• [Publications] Takaya,K.,H.Nakamura: "A Formulation of a Wave Activity Flux of Stationary Rossby Waves on a Zonally-Varying Basic Flow" Geophys.Res.Lett.24. 2985-2988 (1997)
• [Publications] Takayabu,Y.N.,K.-M.Lau.C.-H.Sui: "Observation of a quasi-2-day wave during TOGA COARE" Mon.Wea.Rev.124. 1892-1913 (1996)
• [Publications] Tanaka,H.L.Kazuo Kimura: "ime series analysis of natural variability in barotropic energy of the atmosphere with ECMWF global analysis" J.Metero.Soc.Japan. 76. 267-274 (1998)
• [Publications] Tanaka,H.L.: "Numerical simulation of a life-cycle of atmospheric blocking and the analysis of potential vortisity using a simple barotropic model" J.Metero.Soc.Japan. 76 (in press). (1998)
• [Publications] von Hoyningen-Huene,W.,K.Wenzel,et al.: "Columnar light absorption of aerosols derived from radiation closure measurements" J.Aerosol Science. 28. S657-S658 (1997)
• [Publications] Walsh,J.E.,H.L.Tanaka,G.Weller: "Wadati Conference on global change and the polar climate.,7-10 November 1995,Tsukuba,Japan" Bull.Ameri.Meteor.Soc.77. 1268-1273 (1996)
• [Publications] Wendisch,M.,S.Mertes,A.Ruggaber,T.Nakajima: "Vertical profiles of aerosol and radiation under cloudless conditions: Measurements and radiative transfer calculations" J.Appl.Meteor. 35. 1703-1715 (1995)
• [Publications] Xu,L.,J.Ding,T.Takamura: "Scattering phase function of polydispersions of randomly oriented hexagonal ice crystals.in Satellite Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere II" proceedings of SPIE. 3220. 26-30 (1998)
• [Publications] Tanaka,H.L.K.Kimura: "Normal model energetics analysis and the intercomparison for therecent ECMWF,NMC,and JMA global analyses" J.Meteor.Soc.Japan. 74. 525-538 (1996)
• [Publications] Tanaka H.L.,K.Kimura,T.Yasunari: "Time specral analysis for the natural variability of the barotropic model atmosphere with annual cycle forcing" J.Meteor.Soc.Japan. 74. 909-921 (1996)
• [Publications] Tanaka,H.L.,R.Kanohgi.T.Yasunari: "Recent abrupt intensification of the northern polar vortex since 1988" J.Meteor.Soc.Japan. 74. 947-954 (1996)
• [Publications] Tanaka,H.L.A.Hasegawa: "Comparative energetics analysis of climate models with high and low resolutions" Gordon and Breach Science Publishers. 4. 63-90 (1997)
• [Publications] 田中博、早崎将光、安成哲三: "1993/94年夏の日本付近における異常気象の熱収支解析" 気象研究ノート. 189. 97-125 (1997)
• [Publications] 田中博: "無秩序から秩序が生まれるプロセス" 気象学のみかた. 2. 20-21 (1996)