2002 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Anatomical, physiological, and kinesiological study of bipedal capability in the Japanese macaque
| Project/Area Number |
12440245
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
人類学(含生理人類学)
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| Research Institution | KYOTO UNIVERSITY |
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Principal Investigator |
NAKATSUKASA Masato KYOTO UNIVERSITY, GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SCIENCE, ASSOCIATE PROF., 大学院・理学研究科, 助教授 (00227828)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
HIRASAKI Eishi OSAKA UNIVERSITY, GRADUATE SCHOOL OF HUMAN SCIENCES, ASSISTANT PROF., 大学院・人間科学研究科, 助手 (70252567)
OGIHARA Naomichi KYOTO UNIVERSITY, GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SCIENCE, ASSISTANT PROF., 大学院・理学研究科, 助手 (70324605)
HAMADA Yuzuru KYOTO UNIVERSITY, PRIMATE RESEARCH INSTITUTE. ASSOCIATE PROF., 霊長類研究所, 助教授 (40172978)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2000 – 2002
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| Keywords | LOCOMOTION / ENERGETICS / JAPANESE MACAQUE / KINEMATICS / PRIMATES / RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY |
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| Research Abstract |
Habitual bipedalism is only observed in humans among living primates whereas living humans are highly specialized bipeds. This fact causes a lack of comparative material to study adaptive process of human bipedalism. To cope with this problem, we conducted a morphological, physiological and kinesiological study on bipedally trained macaques for traditional money performance. Experiments were conducted with the Suo Monkey Performance Association (Kumamoto) and investigated tocomotor energetics and kinematics during locomotion on a treadmill. We examined locomotor energetics on two subjects (10 and 4 yrs in age). Energy expenditure was estimated as the rate of CO2 production standardized by the body mass. The walking velocity was 1.5-4.5 km/h. Energetic costs increased linearly correlated with walking velocities in bipedal and quadrupedal walk. Cost of bipedal walk was greater than that of quadrupedalism by ca, 30% in the elder subject and by 20-25% in the younger subject These ratios are rather constant in each individual regardless of walking velocity. We tentatively converted the observed CO2 production rate to oxygen consumption using a (empirically known) normal respiratory quotient (0.85) and obtained similar values revealed in previous studies. Kinematic analysis by using a two video camera system revealed that the trained monkeys took longer strides and fewer stride frequencies compared with normal (experimental) monkeys. These features are correlated with larger joint angles of the hindlimb and the knee joint of the trained monkey exhibited a human-like double knee action. This causes an upward translation of the trunk during the single limb support phase, which is observed in the double limb support phase in the normal monkeys. These kinematic features suggest that these trained macaques saved the costs of bipedalism by developing more human like bipedal gait, indicating the potential and plasticity for bipedalism.
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Research Products
(10 results)
