2005 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Elucidation of Mechanisms for Biomagnetite Formation and Its Application
| Project/Area Number |
13002005
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Review Section |
Chemistry
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| Research Institution | National University Corporation Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology |
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Principal Investigator |
MATSUNAGA Tadashi Tokyo University of Agriculture and Thchnology, Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Professor, 大学院・共生科学技術研究部, 教授 (10134834)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
TANAKA Tsuyoshi Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Lecturer, 大学院・共生科学技術研究部, 講師 (20345333)
ARAKAKI Atsushi Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Research associate, 大学院・共生科学技術研究部, 助手 (10367154)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2001 – 2005
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| Keywords | magnetic bacterium / biomagnetite / genome / transcriptomics / proteomics / gene / DNA microarray / display |
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| Research Abstract |
In this research project, we conducted research in genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics for the magnetic bacterium Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 to clarify the molecular mechanism of biomagnetite synthesis. Initially, the whole genome sequence of M. magneticum AMB-1 was analyzed and was found to consist of a single circular chromosome of 4,967,148 base pairs in size. In order to identify the genes involved in biomagnetite formation, DNA microarray was designed based on 4492 genes annotated from the whole genome sequence of M magneticum AMB-1, and the global gene expression of iron inducible genes was analyzed. From the global gene expression profile, genes involved in iron uptake systems and signal transduction controlling the on/ off of magnetite formation were identified. M. magneticum AMB-1 possesses several iron uptake systems which are common but the encoded gene regulation is unusual. Proteomic analysis was also employed in which SDS-PAGE and 2D-gel electrophoresis profiles revealed several biomagnetite membrane-specific proteins which play crucial roles in biomagnetic mineralization. These proteins were purified and further characterized. One of the identified proteins tightly bound to the biomagnetite was produced, and artificial magnetite was synthesized in the presence of the isolated protein. Production of artificially shape-controlled magnetite was also conducted using peptides including specific motif of the protein. The elucidation of the mechanism of biomagnetite formation provides a roadmap for the design of novel nano-biomaterials useful in multidisciplinary fields.
For large amount of protein display onto biomagnetite, anchor molecules and promoters were optimized, and several functional proteins were displayed onto biomagnetite. In the result, we have succeeded in assembling seven-transmembrane proteins, G protein coupled receptors (GPCRS) on biomagnetites.
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