2005 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
The origin and evolution the complement system, a multi-component body defense mechanism
| Project/Area Number |
15207019
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
Evolutionary biology
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| Research Institution | The University of Tokyo |
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Principal Investigator |
NONAKA Masaru The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Professor, 大学院・理学系研究科, 教授 (40115259)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2003 – 2005
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| Keywords | complement / evolution / cnidaria / C3 / urochordate |
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| Research Abstract |
The evolutionary origin of the complement system was searched by RT-PCR using primers compatible with all known thioester protein genes encoding for the central component of the complement system, C3, and a serum protease inhibitor, alpha-2 macrogrobulin(A2M). From sea anemone (cnidaria), both the C3 and A2M genes were identified, whereas only the A2M gene was identified from hydra (cnidaria), snail (mollusca) and peanut worm (sipuncula). These results indicate that the emergence of the thioester genes and the gene duplication between C3 and A2M predated the divergence between cnidaria and bilateralia. Although A2M seems to be conserved by most bilateralia, C3 has been lost many times in the protostome lineage. Through the analysis of the complement system of sea squirt, the alpha and beta subunit genes of integrin-type complement receptor were cloned, and this receptor was shown to enhance phagocytosis through binding with activated C3. In addition, a possible linkage between the sea squirt C3 and Bf genes was tested by a chromosome-FISH analysis. They were detected on different chromosomes, excluding an ancient origin of the vertebrate MHC class III region. Through molecular cloning analysis of several shark species, the C3, C4 and C5 genes were identified, establishing that the C3/C4/C5 gene duplication predated the divergence of the cartilaginous fish. All these results suggested that the central part of the complement system was established more than 1000 million years ago, then most gene families merged in the common ancestor of deuterostomes, and finally the gene duplications which characterized the complement system of higher vertebrates occurred in the common ancestor of the jawed vertebrates.
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Research Products
(12 results)
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[Journal Article] Unprecedented intraspecific diversity the MHC class I region of a teleost medaka, Oryzias latipes.2005
Author(s)
Tukamoto, K., Hayashi, S., Matsuo, M., Nonaka, I.M., Kondo, M., Shima, A., Asakawa, S., Shimizu, N., Nonaka, M.
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Journal Title
Immunogenetics 57
Pages: 420-431
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
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[Journal Article] A short consensus repeat-containing complement regulatory protein of lamprey that participates in cleavage of lamprey complement 3.2004
Author(s)
Kimura, Y., Inoue, N., Fukui, A., Oshiumi, H., Matsumoto, M., Nonaka, M., Kuratani, S., Fujita, T., Nonaka, M., Seya, T.
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Journal Title
J.Immunol. 173
Pages: 1118-1128
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
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[Journal Article] Molecular cloning of C4 gene and identification of the class III complement region in the shark MHC.2003
Author(s)
Terado, T., Okamura, K.,.Ohta, Y., Shin, D.H., Smith S.L., Hashimoto, K., Takemoto, T., Nonaka, M.I., Kimura, H., Flajnik, M.F., Nonaka, M.
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Journal Title
J.Immunol. 171
Pages: 2461-2466
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
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[Journal Article] Genomic Analysis of Immunity in a Urochordate and the Emergence of the Vertebrate Immune System : Waiting for Godot.2003
Author(s)
Azumi, K., De Santis, R., De Tomaso, A., Rigoutsos, I., Yoshizaki, F., Pinto, M.R., Marino, R., Shida, K., Ikeda, I., Ikeda, M., Arai, M., Inoue, Y., Shimizu, T., Satoh, N., Rokhsar, D.S., Du Pasquier, L., Kasahara, M., Satake, M., Nonaka, M.
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Journal Title
Immunogenetics 55
Pages: 570-581
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
