2017 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

What causes the susceptibility to carcinogenesis after childhood radiation exposure? ~ Exploring the mechanism of genomic mutation unique to childhood~

Research Project

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Project/Area Number	15H01834
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
Allocation Type	Single-year Grants
Section	一般
Research Field	Childhood science (childhood environment science)
Research Institution	National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
Principal Investigator	Kakinuma Shizuko 国立研究開発法人量子科学技術研究開発機構, 放射線医学総合研究所放射線影響研究部, 部長(任常) (20392219)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	尚奕国立研究開発法人量子科学技術研究開発機構, 放射線医学総合研究所放射線影響研究部, 研究員(任常) (50533189) 森岡孝満国立研究開発法人量子科学技術研究開発機構, 放射線医学総合研究所放射線影響研究部, 主幹研究員(定常) (70253961) 臺野和広国立研究開発法人量子科学技術研究開発機構, 放射線医学総合研究所放射線影響研究部, 主任研究員(定常) (90543299)
Co-Investigator(Renkei-kenkyūsha)	SHIMADA YOHSIYA 国立研究開発法人量子科学技術研究開発機構, 理事 (10201550) NISHIMURA MAYUMI 国立研究開発法人量子科学技術研究開発機構, 放射線医学総合研究所・放射線影響研究部, 主任研究員 (70218204) AMASAKI YOSHIKO 国立研究開発法人量子科学技術研究開発機構, 放射線医学総合研究所・放射線影響研究部, 研究員 (80435700) IMAOKA TATSUHIKO 国立研究開発法人量子科学技術研究開発機構, 放射線医学総合研究所・放射線影響研究部, チームリーダー (40356134) BLYTH BENJAMIN 国立研究開発法人量子科学技術研究開発機構, 放射線医学総合研究所・放射線影響研究部, 主任研究員 (70642289)
Project Period (FY)	2015-04-01 – 2018-03-31
Keywords	子ども被ばく / 放射線 / 発がん / ゲノム変異
Outline of Final Research Achievements	Since the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, carcinogenesis induced by radiation has been a matter of concern. On the other hand, proton and heavy particle radiotherapies of childhood cancer have begun and the risk of second cancer due to neutron beams and carbon ions is concerned. To reduce the risk of childhood radiation exposure, it is urgent to clarify the mechanism of carcinogenesis. In this study, carcinogenic mechanisms were investigated with focuses on the age at radiation exposure, radiation type, and organ dependence. Analyses were performed on pathology and genomic mutations of cancers obtained from carcinogenesis experiments using mice and rats. As a result, in blood cancers, causal genes and mutation mechanisms were specific to childhood exposure. For solid cancers, high LET radiation was related with accelerated development and tumors at more advanced stages, but no difference in genomic mutations. Thus, study of epigenetic alterations is warranted in the future.
Free Research Field	放射線生物学