2007 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Characterization of low temperature microorganisms inhabiting in moss in Polar Regions on species identification, enzyme production and cold resistance.
| Project/Area Number |
16510181
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
Resource conservation science
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| Research Institution | National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology |
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Principal Investigator |
YUMOTO Isao National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Genome-based Biofactory, Research group leader (30358303)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
TOJO Motoaki Osaka Prefecture University, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Associate Professor (90254440)
SAKAMOTO Tatsuji Osaka Prefecture University, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Associate Professor (10275282)
IHARA Hideshi Osaka Prefecture University, Graduate School of Science, Research Associate (60254447)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2004 – 2007
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| Keywords | low tempreture microorganisms / Polar Regions / plant pathogens / mosses / enzyme production / cold resistance |
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| Research Abstract |
Low temperature microorganisms especially plant parasitic fungi inhabiting in Polar Regions were characterized on species identification, enzyme production and cold resistance.
Six Trichoderma strains isolated from Spitsbergen Island in 2002 were examined on species identification and enzyme production. The all strains were identified as Trichoderma polysporum by their morphology in a cultivation condition and sequences of rDNA ITS regions. Three representative strains of the Arctic T. polysporum were tested on production of extracellular enzymes. The all strains were secreted xylanase and polygalacturonase in a sugar beet extract liquid medium. Among these enzymes, a polygalacturonase (PG) was purified. The purified PG from T. polysporum strains isolated from Germany was used as comparison. PG from the Arctic strain showed optimum activity at 40℃ and 14 to 47% of maximum even at 0℃. While PG from the German strain showed optimum activity at 50℃ and 0 to 4% of maximum at 0℃. The results indicate that the Arctic T. polysporum strains are potential source of a cold active PG.
Pythium spp. from Spitsbergen Island, Greenland and King George Island were examined on species identification. The total 314 isolates were categorized as unknown Pythium species 1 to 5. Most of them showed pathogenicity to a moss (Sanionia uncinata) and wheat leaves in an in vitro inoculation test. Their optimum temperatures for hyphal growth on an agar culture were 22 to 28℃. At least one isolate of Arctic Pythium strains has greater resistance to freezing than a strain of its morphologically related Pythium speices. These results suggest unique species of Pythium inhabiting in Polar Regions. During this investigation, Pythium selective media for isolation them from natural environmental conditions were developed.
A smut fungus on Polygonum viviparum in Svalbard, Norway was identified as Microbotryum bistortarum during this study.
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Research Products
(13 results)
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[Presentation] Characterization of Trichoderma polysporum isolated from moss in Spitsbergen Island,Norway.2006
Author(s)
Kida, K., Tojo, M., Sakamoto, T., Ihara, H., Hoshino, T.and S.Kuninaga
Organizer
29th Symposium on Polar Meteorology and Glaciology Polar Biology
Place of Presentation
東京都
Year and Date
20061200
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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[Presentation] Succession of populations of plants and fungi in a open top chamber(OTC)on moss colonies(Sanionia uncinata)at the north side cliff of Japanese Ny-Alesund observatory,Spitsbergen Island from 2003 to 2006.2006
Author(s)
Tojo, M., Kida, K., Hoshino, T., Toyoda, Y., Tokura, K.and H.Kanda
Organizer
29th Symposium on Polar Meteorology and Glaciology Polar Biology
Place of Presentation
東京都
Year and Date
20061200
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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