A study on the history of the relationship between female divers migrant fishing and rocky shore fishing in Hokkaido

2020 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 16K03248
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Cultural anthropology
• Research Institution: Hokkaido Museum
• Principal Investigator: AIDA MASATO 北海道博物館, 研究部, 学芸員 (20370223)
• Project Period (FY): 2016-04-01 – 2021-03-31
• Keywords: 民俗学 / 歴史学 / 海女 / 出稼ぎ漁 / 磯まわり資源

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The following points were clarified in this research project. Since the mid-1890s, against the backdrop of rising demand for agar, female divers from the Shima region of Mie Prefecture had come to Rishiri and Rebun Island in Hokkaido for the purpose of collecting agar. In addition, in the coastal area of Hokkaido during the same period, the depletion of abalone and other rocky shore resources progressed due to overfishing, so while the Hokkaido Government was trying to conserve resources, the Hokkaido Fisheries Research Institute was the center from 1913 to 1818. Then, we conducted an abalone migration test on Rishiri and Rebun Island and tried to recover the abalone resources. For this translocation test, female divers from the Shima region of Mie Prefecture were hired to collect "seed abalone" and to release it off the coast of Rishiri and Rebun.

Free Research Field

産業史

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究成果は、海女出稼ぎ漁とその技術に焦点を当て、磯まわり資源（テングサ、アワビなど）をキーワードに、北海道日本海沿岸部の歴史、経済、技術文化を総体的にとらえ直し、北海道近現代史を技術史・環境史、民俗学の視点から再構築するところに意義がある。従来、海女による出稼ぎ漁という点では空白であった北海道日本海沿岸の利尻・礼文島に注目するとともに、本州の海女漁で保存されてきた海女の道具やその技術に関する記録、伝承、行政文書などから、北海道への海女の出稼ぎ漁の実態と海女技術の伝播の関係性を明らかにした点に特色がある。