2007 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Plant latex, exudates and microstructures and their roles in plant defense mechanisms
| Project/Area Number |
17380040
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
Applied entomology
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| Research Institution | National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences |
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Principal Investigator |
KONNO Kotaro National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Division of Insect Science, Insect Interaction Research Unit, Chief Researcher (00355744)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2005 – 2007
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| Keywords | Plant latex / Plant-Insect Interactions / Morus spp. / Sugar-Mimic Alkaloids / Anti-Insect Defense Proteins / Bombvx mori / Sarnia ricini / Mamestra brassicae |
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| Research Abstract |
In the present project, we aimed to investigate the role of plant latex in plant defense and plant-insect interactions using mulberry trees (Morus spp) as model system.
We frond that mulberry leaves are highly toxic to caterpillars other than B mor (such as the Eri silkworm, Sarnia rkini (Saturniidae), and the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae (Noctuidae)), due to the ingredients of the latex. The toxicity of mulberry leaves was lost when latex was washed oft and latex-added artificial diets showed toxicity. Mulberry (M. australis) latex contained very high concentrations of alkaloidal sugarmimic glycosidase inhibitors reported to have anti-diabetic activities, such as 1, 4-dideoxy-1, 4-imino-D-arabinitol (D-AB1), and 1-deoxy nojirimycin (DNJ). Their concentrations, altogether in latex reached 1.5-2.5% (8-18% to dry weight) in several mulberry varieties. The sugarmimic alkaloids account for approximately half of the defense activity of mulberry latex against lepidopteran larvae. The remaining half comes from novel defiance protein that we found recently in mulberry latex. The defense protein showed growth-inhibitory effects to lepidopteran insects in low concentrations (0.01% wet weight).
Interestingly, the growth of the silkworm, B. mori, a mulberry specialist, is not at all affected by the presence of latex in mulberry leaves. The sugar-mimicking alkaloids toxic to lepidopteran larvae were not at all toxic to the silkworm, B mad While sucrase from S. ricird (generalist) was inhibited efficiently by sugar-mimic alkaloids, sucrase from B. mori (mulberry-specialist) was not at all inhibited even by very high concentrations of sugarmimic alkaloids, which suggests that B mon has adapted to latex-borne defense (sugarmimic alkaloids) by enzymatic adaptation.
This study shows that plant latexes are treasuries of interesting chemicals and defense proteins that play key roles in plant-insect interactions, which are also applicable in both medical and agricultural fields.
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Research Products
(32 results)
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[Presentation] Cysteine proteases in papaya and fig latex and sugar-mimicking alkaloids in mulberry latex protect plants from insect herbivory : Reassessing the roles of diverse ingredients in plant latex2007
Author(s)
Konno. K., Ono H., Wasano N., Nakamura M., Tateishi K., Hirayama C., Tamura Y., Hattori M., Koyama A., Kohno K.
Organizer
Gordon Research Conference on PLANT HERBIVORE INTERACTION
Place of Presentation
Ventura, CA. USA
Year and Date
2007-02-21
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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[Presentation] Mulberry leaves are toxic to caterpillars!-Mulberry latex rich in anti-diabetic sugar-mimic alkaloids defends mulberry trees from caterpillars other than the silkworm, B. mori.2005
Author(s)
Konno K., Ono H., Nakamura M., Wasano N., Tateishi K., Hirayama C., Tamura Y., Hattori M., Koyama A. Kohno K.
Organizer
The 20th Congress of International Sericultural Commission
Place of Presentation
Bangalore, India
Year and Date
2005-12-15
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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[Presentation] Plant latex and its diverse ingredients protect plants from insect herbivory : tales of cysteine proteases in papaya and fig latex and sugar-mimicking alkaloids in mulberry latex.2005
Author(s)
Konno K., Ono H., Nakamura M., Tateishi K., Hirayama C., Tamura Y., Hattori M., Koyama A., Kohno K.
Organizer
21st Annual Meeting of the International Society of Chemical Ecology
Place of Presentation
Washington, D. C., USA
Year and Date
2005-07-27
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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[Book] 昆虫生理生態学2007
Author(s)
今野浩太郎
Total Pages
33
Publisher
朝倉書店
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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