Study on the management problems of sport non-profit organization from a viewpoint of social capital

2006 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary

• Project/Area Number: 17500412
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Sports science
• Research Institution: University of Tsukuba
• Principal Investigator: YANAGISAWA Kazuo University of Tsukuba, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Associate Professor (60191152)
• Project Period (FY): 2005 – 2006
• Keywords: social capital / sport non-profit organization / comprehensive community sports club / social-network

Research Abstract

The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology announced the Basic Plan for the Promotion of Sports-2001-2010(2000), which aims to increase the number of adults engaging in sports at least once a week to 50% and construct sports environment by forming at least one comprehensive community sports club in each municipality by 2010. This clubs are expected to solve the social issue of community disintegration, and as a method to reconstruct the social-network within residents, as well as providing residents with opportunities to enjoy sports and improve their health. This club-system are considered as new sport non-profit organization which have associational characteristics and accumulate social-network as a social capital.
Purpose of this research are investigate on the organizational characteristics of comprehensive community sports club as association, and examine its social-network as social capital. The questionnaire was distributed to 704 comprehensive community s port club to examine the characteristics of association, and to examine inter-organizational network from a viewpoint of social capital in November 2006, and 281 usable questionnaires were returned. Comprehensive community sports clubs were classified into 4 types, (1) clubs of juridical person acquisition, (2)clubs of juridical person non-acquisition (under 200 memberships), (3) clubs of juridical person non-acquisition (200-499 memberships), (4)clubs of juridical person non-acquisition (over 500 memberships). And organizational characteristics, associational characteristics, inter-organizational network as social capital were analyzed between 4 types.
Comprehensive community sports clubs which have a juridical person were more recognized within residents than the other types and acquire many memberships. And clubs of juridical person acquisition have an opening like associational characteristics in an area. This tendency was confirmed in clubs of juridical person non-acquisition (over 500 memberships). Clubs of juridical person acquisition were going to have relationships with other relative organization after the club establishment, but there was not the significant difference between 4 types about the formation of a collaborative relationship with relative organization between 4 types. On the other hand, it was recognized that a collaborative relationship between comprehensive community sports club and relative organization were formed in the area where accumulation of social capital is high-level.