Comprehensive studies of global greenhouse gas cycles in the atmosphere, terrestrial biosphere and oceans

2009 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 17GS0203
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Research Institution: Tohoku University
• Principal Investigator: NAKAZAWA Takakiyo Tohoku University, 大学院・理学研究科, 教授 (30108451)
• Co-Investigator(Renkei-kenkyūsha): AOKI Shuji 東北大学, 大学院・理学研究科, 教授 (00183129) ; HANAWA Kimio 東北大学, 大学院・理学研究科, 教授 (40142921) ; ISHIDOYA Shigeyuki 東北大学, 大学院・理学研究科, 特別教育研究教員 (70374907) ; SUGAWARA Satoshi 宮城教育大学, 教育学部, 准教授 (80282151) ; MORIMOTO Shinji 国立極地研究所, 研究教育系, 助教 (30270424) ; MACHIDA Toshinobu 国立環境研究所, 地球環境研究センター, 室長 (20260185) ; TOHJIMA Yasunori 国立環境研究所, 大気圏環境研究領域, 室長 (40227559) ; MAKSYUTOV Shamil 国立環境研究所, 地球環境研究センター, 上席研究員 (70392959) ; SAEKI Tazu 国立環境研究所, 地球環境研究センタ, リサーチアシスタント (30302243) ; PATRA Prabir 海洋研究開発機構, 地球環境変動領域, 主任研究員 (70392967) ; ISHIJIMA Kentaro 海洋研究開発機構, 地球環境変動領域, 研究員 (90399494) ; TOYODA Sakae 東京工業大学, 大学院・総合理工学研究科, 助教 (30313357)
• Project Period (FY): 2005 – 2009
• Keywords: 温室効果気体 / 物質循環 / 気候変動 / 環境変

Research Abstract

The concentrations and isotopic ratios of CO_2, CH_4 and N_2O, as well as the O_2 concentration, were measured using ground-fixed stations, aircraft, ships and scientific balloons, and global pictures of their temporal and spatial variations were obtained. By analyzing the observed results using newly developed atmospheric transport models, the variations of the three gases were closely examined and their global cycles were quantitatively evaluated. The concentrations of atmospheric CO_2, CH_4 and N_2O over the last 700 kyrs were reconstructed by analyzing the Dome-Fuji deep ice core from Antarctica, and their variations were interpreted.

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Increasing synoptic scale variability in atmospheric CO_2 at Hateruma Island associated with increasing East-Asian emissions (2010)
  • Author(s): Tohjima, Y., H. Mukai, S. Hashimoto, P. K. Patra
  • Journal Title: Atmos.Chem.Phys. 10 Pages: 453-462
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Age of stratosphereic air unchanged within uncertainties over the past 30 years (2009)
  • Author(s): Engel, A., T. Mobius, H. Bonisch, U. Schmit, R. Heinz, I. Levin, E. Atlas, S. Aoki, T. Nakazawa, S. Sugawara, F. Moore, D. Hrst, J. Elkins, S. Schauffler, A. Andrew, K. Boering
  • Journal Title: Nature Geoscience 2 Pages: doi:10.1038/NGEO388
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Growth rate, seasonal, synoptic, diurnal variations and budget of methane in lower atmosphere (2009)
  • Author(s): Patra, P. K., M. Takigawa, K. Ishijima, B.-C. Choi, D. Cunnold, E. J. Dlugokencky, T.-Y. Goo, J.-S. Kim P. Krummel, R. Langenfelds, F. Meinhardt, S. Morimoto, H. Mukai, R. G. Prinn, P. Steele, Y. Tohjima, K. Tsuboi, K. Uhse, R. Weiss, D. Worthy, T. Nakazawa
  • Journal Title: J.Meteorol.Soc.Jpn. 87 Pages: 635-663
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Theoretical and experimental evaluation of the isotope effect of NDIR analyzer on atmospheric CO_2 measurement (2009)
  • Author(s): Tohjima, Y., K. Katsumata, I. Morino, H. Mukai, T. Machida, I. Akama, T. Amari, U. Tsunogai
  • Journal Title: J.Geophys.Res. 114 Pages: D13302, doi:10.1029/2009JD011734
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Variations of atmospheric nitrous oxide concentration in the northern and western Pacific (2009)
  • Author(s): Ishijima, K., T. Nakazawa, S. Aoki
  • Journal Title: Tellus 61B Pages: 408-415
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] A high-precision measurement system for carbon and hydrogen isotopic ratios of atmospheric methane and its application to air samples collected in the western Pacific region (2009)
  • Author(s): Umezawa, T., S. Aoki, T. Nakazawa, S. Morimoto
  • Journal Title: J.Meteorol.Soc.Jpn. 87(3) Pages: 365-379
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Temporal and spatial variations of carbon monoxide in the western part of the Pacific Ocean (2009)
  • Author(s): Yashiro, H., S. Sugawara, K. Sudo, S. Aoki, T. Nakazawa
  • Journal Title: J.Geophys.Res. 114 Pages: D08305, doi:10.1029/2008JD010876
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Global-scale transport of carbon dioxide in the troposphere (2008)
  • Author(s): Miyazaki, K., P. K. Patra, M. Takigawa, T. Iwasaki, T. Nakazawa
  • Journal Title: J.Geophys.Res. 113 Pages: D15301, doi:10.1029/2007JD009557
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Atmospheric O_2/N_2 measurements at two Japanese sites ; estimation of global oceanic and land biotic carbon sinks and analysis of the variations in atmospheric potential oxygen (APO) (2008)
  • Author(s): Tohjima, Y., H. Mukai, Y. Nojiri, H. Yamagishi, T. Machida
  • Journal Title: Telllus Pages: doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00334
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Gravitational separation of major atmospheric components of nitrogen and oxygen in the stratosphere (2008)
  • Author(s): S. Ishidoya, S., S. Sugawara, S. Morimoto, S. Aoki, T. Nakazawa
  • Journal Title: Geophys.Res.Lett. 35 Pages: L03811, doi:10.1029/2007GL30456
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Isotopomeric characterization of N_2O produced, consumed, and emitted by automobiles (2008)
  • Author(s): Toyoda, S., S. Yamamoto, S. Arai, H. Nara, N. Yoshida, K. Kashiwakura, K. Akiyama
  • Journal Title: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 22 Pages: 603-612
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Northern Hemisphere forcing of climatic cycles over the past 360,000 (2007)
  • Author(s): Kawamura, K., F. Parrenin, L. Lisiecki, R. Uemura, F. Vimeux, J. P. Severinghaus, M. Hutterli, T. Nakazawa, S. Aoki, J. Jouzel, et al.
  • Journal Title: Nature 448 Pages: 912-916, doi:10.1038/nature06015
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Weak northern and strong tropical land carbon uptake from vertical profiles of atmospheric CO_2 (2007)
  • Author(s): Stephens, B. B., K. R. Gurney, P. Tans, C. Sweeney, W. Peters, L. Bruhwiler, P. Ciais, M. Ramonet, P. Bousquet, T. Nakazawa, S. Aoki, T. Machida, G. Inoue, et al.
  • Journal Title: Science 316 Pages: 1732-1735, DOI:10.1126/science.1137004
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Saturation of the Southern Ocean CO_2 sink due to recent climate change (2007)
  • Author(s): Le Quere, C., C. Rodenbeck, E. T. Buitenhuis, T. J. Conway, R. Langenfelds, A. Gomez, C. Labuschagne, M. Ramonet, T. Nakazawa, N. Metzl, et al.
  • Journal Title: Science 316 Pages: 1735-1738, DOI: 10.1126/science.1136188
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Coupling between land and ocean biospheres as observed by Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view(SeaWiFS) (2007)
  • Author(s): Patra, P. K.
  • Journal Title: SOLA 3 Pages: 77-80
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Temporal variations of the atmospheric nitrous oxide concentration and its δ^<15>N and δ^<18>O for the latter half of the 20th century reconstructed from firn air analyses (2007)
  • Author(s): Ishijima, K., S. Sugawara, K. Kawamura, G. Hashida, S. Morimoto, S. Murayama, S. Aoki, T. Nakazawa
  • Journal Title: J.Geophys.Res. 112 Pages: D03305, doi:10.1029/2006JD007208
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Exploring the sensitivity of basin-scale air-sea CO_2 fluxes to interannual to decadal variability in atmospheric dust decomposition using ocean carbon models and atmospheric CO_2 inversion (2007)
  • Author(s): Patra, P. K., J. K. Moore, N. Mahowald, M. Uematsu, S. C. Doney, T. Nakazawa
  • Journal Title: J.Geophys.Res. 112 Pages: doi:10.1029/2006JG000236
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Vertical profiles of the O_2/N_2 ratio in the stratosphere over Japan and Antarctica (2006)
  • Author(s): Ishidoya, S., S. Sugawara, G. Hashida, S. Morimoto, S. Aoki, T. Nakazawa, T. Yamanouchi
  • Journal Title: Geophys.Res.Lett. 33 Pages: L13701
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Convective mixing of air in firn at four polar sites (2006)
  • Author(s): Kawamura, K., J. P. Severinghaus, S, Ishidoya, S, Sugawara, G. Hashida, H. Motoyama, Y. Fujii, S. Aoki, T. Nakazawa
  • Journal Title: Earth and Planet.Sci.Lett. 244, 3-4 Pages: 672-682, doi:10.1016/j.epsi
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] TransCom-3 modelers, Sensitivity of inverse estimation of annual mean CO_2 sources and sinks to ocean-only sies versus all-sites observational networks (2006)
  • Author(s): Patra, P. K., S. E. Mikaloff-Fletcher, K. Ishijima, S. Maksyutov, T. Nakazawa
  • Journal Title: Geophys.Res.Lett. 33 Pages: L05814, doi:10.1029/2005GL025403
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Temporal variations of the carbon isotopic ratio of atmospheric methane observed at Ny Alesund, Svalbard from 1996 to 2004 (2006)
  • Author(s): Morimoto, S., S. Aoki, T. Nakazawa, T. Yamanouchi
  • Journal Title: Geophys.Res.Lett. 33 Pages: L01807, doi:10.1029/2005GL024648
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] Tropospheric methane and carbon dioxide over West Siberia : observation data analysis, surface flux inventories and transport modeling (2009)
  • Author(s): Maksyutov S., T. Machida, M. Sasakawa, Y. Koyama, T. Saeki, K. Shimoyama, M. Glagolev, H.-S. Kim, G. Inoue, M. Arshinov, D. Davidov, A. Fofonov, O. Krasnov, B. Belan
  • Organizer: AGU 2009 Fall Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: San Francisco
  • Year and Date: 20091214-20091218
• [Presentation] Seasonal cycles of atmospheric methane and its carbon and hydrogen isotopic ratios in the lower and upper troposphere of the western Pacific region (2009)
  • Author(s): Umezawa, T., S. Aoki, T. Nakazawa, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, Y. Sawa, K. Ishijima, P. K. Patra
  • Organizer: AGU 2009 Fall Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: San Francisco
  • Year and Date: 20091214-20091218
• [Presentation] Simulation of atmospheric methane and its carbon and hydrogen isotopes to constrain its global budget (2009)
  • Author(s): Saeki, T., S. Maksyutov, T. Nakazawa
  • Organizer: AGU 2009 Fall Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: San Francisco
  • Year and Date: 20091214-20091218
• [Presentation] Sea-to-air oxygen flux associated with the destruction of shallow oxygen minimum (2009)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa, Y., T. Suga, C. Sukigara, K. Hanawa, T. Kobayashi, N. Shikawa
  • Organizer: SOLAS Open Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: Barcelona, Spain
  • Year and Date: 20091116-20091119
• [Presentation] CONTRAIL-Transport Model Intercomparison(TMI) : analysis of CO_2 concentrations in the UT/LS region (2009)
  • Author(s): Patra, P. K., Y. Niwa, Y. Sawa, M. Ikegami, R. Imasu, T. Maki, T. Machida, S. Maksyutov, H. Matsuenda, T. Nakazawa, T. Oda, M., Takigawa
  • Organizer: 8th International Carbon Dioxide Conference
  • Place of Presentation: Jena, Germany
  • Year and Date: 20090913-20090919
• [Presentation] Temporal and spatial variations of the concentration and carbon isotopic ratio of the atmospheric carbon dioxide in the western Pacific region (2009)
  • Author(s): Aoki, S., T. Nakazawa, Y. Terunuma, M. Ishizawa
  • Organizer: 8th International Carbon Dioxide Conference
  • Place of Presentation: Jena, Germany
  • Year and Date: 20090913-20090919
• [Presentation] Thirth years of stratospheric mean age tracer measurements ; no observable change in the stratospheric circulation (2008)
  • Author(s): Engel, A., T. Mobius, H. Bonisch, U. Schmidt, R. Heinz, I. Levin, E. Atlas, S. Aoki, T. Nakazawa, S. Sugawara, F. Moore, D. Hurst, J. Elkins, S. Schauffler, A. Andrews, K. Boering
  • Organizer: 2008 AGU Fall Meeeting
  • Place of Presentation: San Francisco
  • Year and Date: 20081214-20081219
• [Presentation] From thermometer to chronometer- Paleoenvironmental reconstruction using non-greenhouse gases in ice cores (2008)
  • Author(s): Kawamura, K., J. P. Severinghaus, T. Nakazawa, S. Aoki
  • Organizer: EPICA 2008 Open Science Conference, Quaternary Climate : from Pole to Pole
  • Place of Presentation: Venice, Italy
  • Year and Date: 20081110-20081113
• [Presentation] Three-dimensional model simulation of atmospheric nitrous oxide isotopes : comparison with balloon-observed profiles and estimation of the stratospheric effect on the surface (2008)
  • Author(s): Ishijima, K., S. Toyoda, M. Takigawa, P. K. Patra, T. Nakazawa, S. Aoki, S. Morimoto, C. Yoshikawa, S. Arihara, N. Yoshida
  • Organizer: 4th International Symposium on Isotopomers
  • Place of Presentation: Tokyo
  • Year and Date: 20081004-20081008
• [Presentation] Development of a compact cryogenic air sampler and its application to stratospheric greenhouse gas observation at Syowa Station, Antarctica (2008)
  • Author(s): Morimoto, S., T. Yamanouchi, H. Honda, S. Aoki, T. Nakazawa, S. Sugawara, S. Ishidoya, I. Iijima, T. Yoshida
  • Organizer: 19th International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Conference
  • Place of Presentation: Annecy, France
  • Year and Date: 20080907-20080912
• [Presentation] Saturation of the Southern Ocean CO_2 sink due to recent climate change (2008)
  • Author(s): Le Quere, C., C. Rodenbeck, E. T. Buitenhuis, T. J. Conway, R. Langenfelds, A. Gomez, C. Labuschagne, M. Ramonet, T. Nakazawa, N. Metzl, N. Gillett, M. Heiman
  • Organizer: 2008 EGU general assembly
  • Place of Presentation: Vienna, Austria
  • Year and Date: 20080413-20080418
• [Presentation] Evaluation of carbon isotope effect on CO_2 measurements by NDIR analyzer (2007)
  • Author(s): Tohjima, Y., H. Mukai, T. Machida, I. Akama, T. Amari, K. Katsumata
  • Organizer: 14th WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases, and Related Tracer Measurement Techniques
  • Place of Presentation: Helsinki, Finland
  • Year and Date: 20070910-20070913
• [Presentation] Northern hemisphere forcing of climatic cycles over the past 360,000 years implied by accurate dating of Antarctic ice cores (2007)
  • Author(s): Kawamra, K., F. Parrenin, L. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, R. Uemura, F. Vimeux, J. P. Severinghaus, M. Hutterli, T. Nakazawa, S. Aoki, J. Jouzel, Y. Fujii, O. Watanabe
  • Organizer: IODP Tropical Symposium : North Atlantic & Arctic Climate Variability
  • Place of Presentation: Bremen
  • Year and Date: 20070815-20070816
• [Presentation] Transport analysis of tropospheric carbon dioxide (2007)
  • Author(s): Miyazaki, K., P. K. Patra, M. Takigawa, T. Nakazawa
  • Organizer: EGU general Assembly
  • Place of Presentation: Vienna, Austria
  • Year and Date: 20070415-20070420
• [Presentation] Carbon isotopic fractionation factor of stratospheric CH_4 estimated from ^<13>CH_4 and ^<13>CO_2 measurements (2006)
  • Author(s): Sugawara, S., S. Aoki, T. Nakazawa, S. Ishidoya, T. Umezawa, K. Genma, S. Morimoto, H. Honda
  • Organizer: Joint CACGP/IGAC and WMO Conference
  • Place of Presentation: Cape Town
  • Year and Date: 20060917-20060923
• [Presentation] Isotopomeric analysis of N_2O dissolved in a river in Tokyo metropolitan area (2006)
  • Author(s): Toyoda, S., H. Iwai, K. Koba, N. Yoshida
  • Organizer: 3rt International Symposium on Isotopomers
  • Place of Presentation: La Jolla, USA
  • Year and Date: 20060827-20060831
• [Presentation] Global observation of CO_2 and other trace species by aircraft (2006)
  • Author(s): Machida, T., H. Matsueda, Y. Sawa, Y. Nakagawa, N. Kondo. K. Ishikawa, T. Nakazawa, T. Ogawa, Y. Matsumoto, T. Suenaga, T. Oka
  • Organizer: Annual IAGOS Meeting 2006
  • Place of Presentation: Toulouse, France
  • Year and Date: 2006-05-09
• [Presentation] Changes in the atmospheric methane concentration in the Arctic and Antarctic regions for the last 110,000 years deduced from NGRIP and Dome Fuji deep ice cores (2005)
  • Author(s): Aoki, S., K. Kawamura, T. Mori, T. Nakazawa, Y. Fujii, O. Watanabe
  • Organizer: 7th International CO_2 Conference
  • Place of Presentation: Broomfield, Colorado, USA
  • Year and Date: 20050925-20050930
• [Presentation] Temporal variations of the atmospheric CO_2 concentration and isotope ratios in the Arctic and Antarctic regions (2005)
  • Author(s): Morimoto, S., T. Nakazawa, S. Aoki, G. Hashida, T. Yamanouchi
  • Organizer: 7th International CO_2 Conference
  • Place of Presentation: Broomfield, Colorado, USA
  • Year and Date: 20050925-20050930
• [Presentation] Observation of atmospheric CO_2 concentration and its carbon isotopic ratio in China (2005)
  • Author(s): Sugawara, S., S. Aoki, T. Nakazawa, J. Tang, D. Zhang, G. Shi, Y. Liu, S. Morimoto, S. Ishidoya, T. Saeki, T. Hayasaka, M. Ishizawa
  • Organizer: 7th International CO_2 Conference
  • Place of Presentation: Broomfield, Colorado, USA
  • Year and Date: 20050925-20050930
• [Book] 地球変動研究の最前線を訪ねる, 地球規模の炭素循環-大気 (2010)
  • Author(s): 中澤高清・青木周司
  • Total Pages: 88-108
  • Publisher: 清水弘文堂書房
• [Book] 気候科学の冒険者-温暖化を測るひとびと, 第二章ミスターCO_2 (2009)
  • Author(s): 中澤高清
  • Total Pages: 70-113
  • Publisher: 技術評論社
• [Book] 地球を救う仕事, CO_2を測る仕事 (2009)
  • Author(s): 中澤高清
  • Total Pages: 149-194
  • Publisher: 汐文社
• [Book] 「次世代への架け橋-今, プロジェクトリーダーが語る-」, 第4章温室効果気体の広域観測と地球規模循環 (2007)
  • Author(s): 中澤高清, 菅原敏
  • Total Pages: 53-65
  • Publisher: 日本気象学会
• [Book] 第5版実験化学講座20-2巻 (2007)
  • Author(s): 青木周司, 遠嶋康徳, 町田敏暢, 中澤高清
  • Total Pages: 64-70, 200-206, 207-209, 247-250
  • Publisher: 丸善
• [Book] 地球温暖化はどこまで解明されたか (2006)
  • Author(s): 遠嶋康徳
  • Total Pages: 13-20
  • Publisher: 丸善
• [Remarks] ホームページ等
  • URL: http://tgr.geophys.tohoku.ac.jp/JSPS/