2019 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report
Importance of water on sustainable development of Bali, Indonesia considering climate and social changes
| Project/Area Number |
18F18801
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| Research Institution | The University of Tokyo |
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| Host Researcher |
福士 謙介 東京大学, 未来ビジョン研究センター, 教授 (30282114)
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| Foreign Research Fellow |
RIMBA A. BESSE 東京大学, 未来ビジョン研究センター, 外国人特別研究員
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| Project Period (FY) |
2018-10-12 – 2021-03-31
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| Keywords | Water quality / remote sensing / land use land cover / water sustainability / GWR / LCM |
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| Outline of Annual Research Achievements |
The research of FY2019 aims to achieve a sustainable water environment in the future by integrating several data from institutions and field surveys as well as from remote sensing data.
Water quality data were collected from the Bali-Penida river region office, and land use land cover (LULC) was produced from satellite images. Those data were integrated to measure the relationship between LULC, population density, and water quality. As known, the rapid increase in LULC change in Bali is triggered by the province’s urbanization and fast-growing tourism industry. Research has been developed to examine the effect of spatial variation through ordinary least square (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to evaluate the association between LULC, population density, and water quality. This study aims to measure how extensive the influence of LULC and population density is on water pollution in dry and rainy seasons. The finding is that LULC and population density are significantly related to water quality, especially during the dry season.
Furthermore, another study has been conducted. The aim is to measure the impact of rapid tourism growth, which has caused LULC to change drastically. This study mapped the land use change in Bali from 2000 to 2025. The land change modeler (LCM) tool in ArcGIS was employed to conduct this analysis. The results showed that the built-up growth direction expanded from the Denpasar area to neighboring regions, and the land was converted from agriculture, open area, and vegetation/forest to built-up for all observation years.
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| Current Status of Research Progress |
Current Status of Research Progress
2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.
Reason
The main objectives of FY2018 were developing a research concept and preparing the supporting tools necessary to conduct the research from hardware and software. Moreover, a visit to the research location was organized to initiate collaboration with some institutions in the research location (e.g., Udayana University and some government offices).
The main aim of FY2019 is to collect and process data from primary and secondary data. The study site was visited three times in May, September, and December of 2019. Before visiting the field, the primary data was developed before secondary collection and verified during the field survey. Secondary data were gathered from several institutions in Bali by visiting the offices and downloading from websites. Social data were collected through an interview approach with approximately 100 respondents.
Besides data collection and processing, during this FY2019, some papers have been published (i.e., three full paper peer-reviewed conference papers, one peer-reviewed conference abstract, one invited speaker, and four conference paper collaborations). Currently, two journal papers and two journal papers collaboration with UNU and Hokkaido University are being prepared for publication in FY2020.
Most of the data was collected in FY2019; however, this does not rule out the possibility of additional data collection if needed. Self-evaluation achieved starting from the beginning of the fellowship can be categorized as mostly on schedule and almost complete as planned.
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| Strategy for Future Research Activity |
FY2018 and FY2019 were focused on research development, data collection, and processing. However, some publications were published in these fiscal years. In FY2020, the main focus is publication.
Farming and tourism are the main sectors supporting gross domestic product (GDP) in Bali, Indonesia. An interesting issue in Bali was found during the field survey. First, the farming sector receives pressure from climate change and tourism. Due to these pressures, an intensive change in land use and land cover (LULC) has occurred. The main farming commodity in Bali is rice. Farmers have lacked water for planting rice due to climate change. Thus, their adaptation strategy is changing the rice variety, changing the commodity, or converting the land to build accommodations for tourists. Since Bali is the first tourist destination in Indonesia, many people from other provinces are looking for a job in Bali. As a result, the demand for land is increasing, and the conversion of land from agricultural use to building accommodations is greatly increasing. This has led to an impact on the environment, especially on water quality and water availability.
Therefore, in FY2020, the focus is publications on these issues, i.e., the impact of LULC on water quality, the prediction of LULC in the future, and calculating water availability in the future. Two journals and one policy brief on the water sustainability issue in Bali have been developed. The research theme will continue as proposed, but with slight changes in the method for approaching the research goal.
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Research Products
(8 results)
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[Presentation] Investigating water sustainability and land use/land cover (LULC) as the impact of tourism activity in Bali, Indonesia.2019
Author(s)
Rimba, A.B., Chapagain, S.J., Masago, Y., Fukushi, K., Geetha, M
Organizer
IEEE GRSS
Int'l Joint Research
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