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2019 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

観測と理論の連携による小型低質量系外惑星の基本的性質の解明

Research Project

Project/Area Number 18H01265
Research InstitutionCenter for Novel Science Initatives, National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Principal Investigator

成田 憲保  大学共同利用機関法人自然科学研究機構(新分野創成センター、アストロバイオロジーセンター、生命創成探究, アストロバイオロジーセンター, 特任准教授 (60610532)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 生駒 大洋  東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 准教授 (80397025)
Project Period (FY) 2018-04-01 – 2021-03-31
Keywords太陽系外惑星 / 小型惑星 / トランジット / TESS / 多色同時撮像カメラ / ディフューザー / 惑星大気 / 視線速度
Outline of Annual Research Achievements

本研究では、天王星・海王星より小さな質量・半径を持つ太陽系外の「小型惑星」に着目し、その周期・質量・半径・大気といった性質を観測によって明らかにしていくとともに、観測結果を理論的に解釈し、小型惑星の形成・移動や大気、内部構造といった知見を深め、小型惑星の基本的性質を理解していくことを目指している。2019年度は主に以下の3つの研究に取り組んだ。
(1) 岡山1.88m望遠鏡のMuSCAT、スペイン・テネリフェ島のTCS1.52m望遠鏡のMuSCAT2などの多色同時撮像カメラを用いて、TESSのサーベイなどで発見された惑星候補の追観測を行った。その結果、新たに10個の新しい小型惑星を発見し、それらの周期・質量・半径などの性質を明らかにした。新しく発見された小型惑星の中には、惑星表面に液体の水が存在しうるいわゆるハビタブルゾーンに位置するものも3つ含まれていた(GJ 357 d、Teegarden's star bとc)。
(2) すばる望遠鏡のインテンシブ観測が採択され、赤外視線速度測定装置IRDの観測時間を9夜確保した(S19A-069I)。この観測時間を使って、MuSCATやMuSCAT2で本物の惑星であることが確認できた赤色矮星まわりの小型惑星の質量の測定に取り組んだ。
(3) 昨年度詳細に検討した円盤ガス獲得による原始大気形成および岩石との反応による水生成の効果が、最終的な惑星半径と軌道周期の分布に与える影響を評価するため、微惑星集積・ガス集積・惑星移動・円盤ガス散逸・大気散逸等を組みあせた統合モデル(いわゆる惑星種族合成モデル)を開発した。結果として、特に従来よりも小型惑星が多量の大気を保持することになり、従来モデルに比べて大きな半径を持つ惑星の存在が予言された。この予言を検証するため、小型惑星の大気観測もサイエンスに含め、すばる望遠鏡のインテンシブ観測の継続を提案した。

Current Status of Research Progress
Current Status of Research Progress

1: Research has progressed more than it was originally planned.

Reason

申請時に開発的研究の項目として挙げていたトランジット観測用ディフューザーの開発と設置は、2019年度までに完了した。
TESSで発見されたトランジット惑星候補の追観測などにより、申請時の目標としていた20個以上の新しい小型惑星の発見が2019年度までに達成でき、その中には3個のハビタブルゾーンに位置するものも3つ含まれていた。
理論側からも小型惑星の形成や大気の獲得についての統合モデルが出来上がり、新しく発見された惑星に対する予言や実際の観測結果との比較ができるようになった。今後は特に、観測によって小型惑星の質量と大気を特徴付けて、理論予言との比較に取り組んでいく予定である。
以上のように、観測と理論の連携が取れるようになり、当初目標としていたことの多くが2年目までに達成できている。さらに赤色矮星まわりの小型惑星の探索の過程で、赤色矮星まわりの褐色矮星・巨大惑星候補を発見するなど、当初予期していなかった成果も得られている。
以上のことを総合的に判断して、2年目の時点で当初の計画以上に進展していると判断した。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

2020年度は引き続きTESSで発見された惑星候補の追観測から新しい小型惑星を発見していくとともに、発見された小型惑星の質量と大気のさらなる特徴付けを進めていく。その観測結果との比較を通して、本研究で開発してきた惑星形成の統合モデルを検証し、当初の目的通り小型惑星の基本的な性質を明らかにし、理解していく。

  • Research Products

    (51 results)

All 2020 2019 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (6 results) Journal Article (30 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 26 results,  Peer Reviewed: 30 results,  Open Access: 30 results) Presentation (14 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 11 results,  Invited: 8 results) Book (1 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] MIT/Harvard/Princeton(米国)

    • Country Name
      U.S.A.
    • Counterpart Institution
      MIT/Harvard/Princeton
    • # of Other Institutions
      5
  • [Int'l Joint Research] IAC/ICE(スペイン)

    • Country Name
      SPAIN
    • Counterpart Institution
      IAC/ICE
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Georg-August-Universitat/German Aerospace Center/TU Berlin(ドイツ)

    • Country Name
      GERMANY
    • Counterpart Institution
      Georg-August-Universitat/German Aerospace Center/TU Berlin
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Universita di Torino(イタリア)

    • Country Name
      ITALY
    • Counterpart Institution
      Universita di Torino
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ESO(チリ)

    • Country Name
      CHILE
    • Counterpart Institution
      ESO
  • [Int'l Joint Research]

    • # of Other Countries
      5
  • [Journal Article] MuSCAT2 multicolour validation of TESS candidates: an ultra-short-period substellar object around an M dwarf2020

    • Author(s)
      Parviainen H.、Palle E.、Zapatero-Osorio M. R. et al.
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 633 Pages: A28

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/201935958

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Mass determinations of the three mini-Neptunes transiting TOI-1252020

    • Author(s)
      Nielsen L D、Gandolfi D、Armstrong D J et al.
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: 492 Pages: 5399~5412

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/staa197

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] TOI-132 b: A short-period planet in the Neptune desert transiting a V = 11.3 G-type star2020

    • Author(s)
      Diaz Matias R、Jenkins James S、Gandolfi Davide et al.
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: 493 Pages: 973~985

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/staa277

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] It Takes Two Planets in Resonance to Tango around K2-1462020

    • Author(s)
      Lam Kristine W. F.、Korth Judith、Masuda Kento et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 159 Pages: 120

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/ab66c9

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The Continuing Search for Evidence of Tidal Orbital Decay of Hot Jupiters2020

    • Author(s)
      Patra Kishore C.、Winn Joshua N.、Holman Matthew J.、Gillon Michael、Burdanov Artem、Jehin Emmanuel、Delrez Laetitia、Pozuelos Francisco J.、Barkaoui Khalid、Benkhaldoun Zouhair、Narita Norio、Fukui Akihiko、Kusakabe Nobuhiko、Kawauchi Kiyoe、Terada Yuka、Bouma L. G.、Weinberg Nevin N.、Broome Madelyn
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 159 Pages: 150

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/ab7374

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Doppler tomographic measurement of the nodal precession of WASP-33b2020

    • Author(s)
      Watanabe Noriharu、Narita Norio、Johnson Marshall C
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 72 Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psz140

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The origin of the high metallicity of close-in giant exoplanets2020

    • Author(s)
      Shibata Sho、Helled Ravit、Ikoma Masahiro
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 633 Pages: A33

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/201936700

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] K2-290: a warm Jupiter and a mini-Neptune in a triple-star system2019

    • Author(s)
      Hjorth M、Justesen A B、Hirano T et al.
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: 484 Pages: 3522~3536

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/stz139

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] K2-295 b and K2-237 b: Two Transiting Hot Jupiters2019

    • Author(s)
      Smith, A. M. S., Csizmadia, Sz., Gandolfi, D. et al.
    • Journal Title

      Acta Astronomica

      Volume: 69 Pages: 135-158

    • DOI

      10.32023/0001-5237/69.2.3

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The Transiting Multi-planet System HD15337: Two Nearly Equal-mass Planets Straddling the Radius Gap2019

    • Author(s)
      Gandolfi Davide、Fossati Luca、Livingston John H. et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 876 Pages: L24

    • DOI

      10.3847/2041-8213/ab17d9

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Qatar Exoplanet Survey: Qatar-8b, 9b, and 10b - A Hot Saturn and Two Hot Jupiters2019

    • Author(s)
      Alsubai Khalid、Tsvetanov Zlatan I.、Pyrzas Stylianos et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 157 Pages: 224

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/ab19bc

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Shallow Ultraviolet Transits of WD 1145+0172019

    • Author(s)
      Xu Siyi、Hallakoun Na’ama、Gary Bruce、Dalba Paul A.、Debes John、Dufour Patrick、Fortin-Archambault Maude、Fukui Akihiko、Jura Michael A.、Klein Beth、Kusakabe Nobuhiko、Muirhead Philip S.、Narita Norio、Steele Amy、Su Kate Y. L.、Vanderburg Andrew、Watanabe Noriharu、Zhan Zhuchang、Zuckerman Ben
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 157 Pages: 255

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/ab1b36

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The L 98-59 System: Three Transiting, Terrestrial-size Planets Orbiting a Nearby M Dwarf2019

    • Author(s)
      Kostov Veselin B.、Schlieder Joshua E.、Barclay Thomas et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 158 Pages: 32

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/ab2459

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs2019

    • Author(s)
      Zechmeister M.、Dreizler S.、Ribas I. et al.
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 627 Pages: A49

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/201935460

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Atmospheric characterization of the ultra-hot Jupiter MASCARA-2b/KELT-20b2019

    • Author(s)
      Casasayas-Barris N.、Palle E.、Yan F. et al.
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 628 Pages: A9

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/201935623

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Planetary system around the nearby M dwarf GJ 357 including a transiting, hot, Earth-sized planet optimal for atmospheric characterization2019

    • Author(s)
      Luque R.、Palle E.、Kossakowski D. et al.
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 628 Pages: A39

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/201935801

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Greening of the brown-dwarf desert2019

    • Author(s)
      Persson Carina M.、Csizmadia Szilard、Mustill Alexander J. et al.
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 628 Pages: A64

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/201935505

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List2019

    • Author(s)
      Stassun Keivan G.、Oelkers Ryan J.、Paegert Martin et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 158 Pages: 138

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/ab3467

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Two New HATNet Hot Jupiters around A Stars and the First Glimpse at the Occurrence Rate of Hot Jupiters from TESS2019

    • Author(s)
      Zhou G.、Huang C. X.、Bakos G. et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 158 Pages: 141

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/ab36b5

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Radial velocity confirmation of K2-100b: a young, highly irradiated, and low-density transiting hot Neptune2019

    • Author(s)
      Barragan O、Aigrain S、Kubyshkina D et al.
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: 490 Pages: 698~708

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/stz2569

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] A Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune Transiting the Late-type M Dwarf LP 791-182019

    • Author(s)
      Crossfield Ian J. M.、Waalkes William、Newton Elisabeth R.、Narita Norio et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 883 Pages: L16

    • DOI

      10.3847/2041-8213/ab3d30

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Multicolour photometry for exoplanet candidate validation2019

    • Author(s)
      Parviainen H.、Tingley B.、Deeg H. J.、Palle E.、Alonso R.、Montanes Rodriguez P.、Murgas F.、Narita N.、Fukui A.、Watanabe N.、Kusakabe N.、Tamura M.、Nishiumi T.、Prieto-Arranz J.、Klagyivik P.、B?jar V. J. S.、Crouzet N.、Mori M.、Hidalgo Soto D.、Casasayas Barris N.、Luque R.
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 630 Pages: A89

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/201935709

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Near-resonance in a System of Sub-Neptunes from TESS2019

    • Author(s)
      Quinn Samuel N.、Becker Juliette C.、Rodriguez Joseph E. et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 158 Pages: 177

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/ab3f2b

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] KELT-24b: A 5M J Planet on a 5.6 day Well-aligned Orbit around the Young V = 8.3 F-star HD 931482019

    • Author(s)
      Rodriguez Joseph E.、Eastman Jason D.、Zhou George et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 158 Pages: 197

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/ab4136

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Kojima-1Lb Is a Mildly Cold Neptune around the Brightest Microlensing Host Star2019

    • Author(s)
      Fukui A.、Suzuki D.、Koshimoto N. et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 158 Pages: 206

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/ab487f

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Detectable Molecular Features above Hydrocarbon Haze via Transmission Spectroscopy with JWST: Case Studies of GJ 1214b-, GJ 436b-, HD 97658b-, and Kepler-51b-like Planets2019

    • Author(s)
      Kawashima Yui、Hu Renyu、Ikoma Masahiro
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 876 Pages: L5

    • DOI

      10.3847/2041-8213/ab16f6

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Theoretical Transmission Spectra of Exoplanet Atmospheres with Hydrocarbon Haze: Effect of Creation, Growth, and Settling of Haze Particles. II. Dependence on UV Irradiation Intensity, Metallicity, C/O Ratio, Eddy Diffusion Coefficient, and Temperature2019

    • Author(s)
      Kawashima Yui、Ikoma Masahiro
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 877 Pages: 109

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ab1b1d

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Runaway climate cooling of ocean planets in the habitable zone: a consequence of seafloor weathering enhanced by melting of high-pressure ice2019

    • Author(s)
      Nakayama A、Kodama T、Ikoma M、Abe Y
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: 488 Pages: 1580~1596

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/stz1812

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Constraining Planetary Gas Accretion Rate from Hα Line Width and Intensity: Case of PDS 70 b and c2019

    • Author(s)
      Aoyama Yuhiko、Ikoma Masahiro
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 885 Pages: L29

    • DOI

      10.3847/2041-8213/ab5062

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Capture of solids by growing proto-gas giants: effects of gap formation and supply limited growth2019

    • Author(s)
      Shibata Sho、Ikoma Masahiro
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: 487 Pages: 4510~4524

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/stz1629

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] MuSCAT1/2/3: Global Multi-Color Photometric Monitoring Network for Exoplanetary Transits2020

    • Author(s)
      Norio Narita
    • Organizer
      ARIEL: Science, Mission & Community 2020 Conference
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] TESS惑星候補の地上フォローアップ観測に向けたMuSCAT3の開発2019

    • Author(s)
      成田 憲保、福井 暁彦、生駒 大洋、田村 元秀、日下部 展彦、森 万由子、山室 智康
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合2019年大会
  • [Presentation] 高精度多色撮像観測と統計解析の融合によるTESS時代のトランジット惑星探査2019

    • Author(s)
      成田 憲保
    • Organizer
      2019 天文学におけるデータ科学的方法 (JST CREST「広域撮像探査観測のビッグデータ分析による統計計算宇宙物理学」共催研究会)
  • [Presentation] How to find and characterize nearby habitable exoplanets?2019

    • Author(s)
      Norio Narita
    • Organizer
      Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2019
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Development of MuSCAT3 and Future Contribution of the MuSCAT Network to TESS Follow-up2019

    • Author(s)
      Norio Narita
    • Organizer
      TESS Science Conference I
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] MuSCAT2 Validation of a USP giant-planet-sized object around an M-dwarf2019

    • Author(s)
      Norio Narita
    • Organizer
      Extreme Solar Systems IV
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Expected mid-infrared science for exoplanets2019

    • Author(s)
      Norio Narita
    • Organizer
      Mid-infrared Astronomy: Past 20 years and Future 20 years
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Potential Science Cases of ngVLA: Inputs from Astrobiology Center2019

    • Author(s)
      Norio Narita
    • Organizer
      next generation VLA workshop
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] MuSCAT 1 to 3 for a global multi-color transit photometry network2019

    • Author(s)
      Norio Narita
    • Organizer
      From Protoplanetary Disks through Planetary System Architecture to Planetary Atmospheres and Habitability
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Desired Capabilities of HROS for Exoplanetary Science2019

    • Author(s)
      Norio Narita
    • Organizer
      TMT HROS international workshop
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Subaru IRD TESS Intensive Follow-up Project2019

    • Author(s)
      Norio Narita
    • Organizer
      Subaru telescope 20th anniversary sumposium / Subaru Users' Meeting
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 系外惑星科学の現状整理と展望2019

    • Author(s)
      生駒 大洋
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2019年秋季年会「すばるとTMTの連携で拓くフロンティア」
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Infra-red observations for exoplanets of particular interest from theoretical points of view2019

    • Author(s)
      Masahiro Ikoma
    • Organizer
      Mid-infrared Astronomy: Past 20 years and Future 20 years
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Progress in and prospects for understanding of planet formation: Late stage accretion of gas giant planets2019

    • Author(s)
      Masahiro Ikoma
    • Organizer
      Subaru Telescope 20th Anniversary - Optical & Infrared Astronomy for the Next Decade
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Book] 地球は特別な惑星か? 地球外生命に迫る系外惑星の科学2020

    • Author(s)
      成田 憲保
    • Total Pages
      288
    • Publisher
      講談社
    • ISBN
      9784065187333

URL: 

Published: 2021-01-27  

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