2020 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Novel challenging toward the molecular mechanism of fruiting-body formation starting from isolation of the endogenous active substance

Research Project

PDF

Project/Area Number	18K19241
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)
Allocation Type	Multi-year Fund
Review Section	Medium-sized Section 40:Forestry and forest products science, applied aquatic science, and related fields
Research Institution	Forest Research and Management Organization
Principal Investigator	Nishimura Takeshi 国立研究開発法人森林研究・整備機構, 森林総合研究所, 主任研究員等 (10353799)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	砂川政英国立研究開発法人森林研究・整備機構, 森林総合研究所, 主任研究員等 (30370282)
Project Period (FY)	2018-06-29 – 2021-03-31
Keywords	ヒラタケ / 子実体誘導物質 / トリアシルグリセロール / グルコシルセラミド / 子実体形成期特異的発現遺伝子 / ハイドロホビン / キチン分解酵素 / β-1,3グルカン分解酵素
Outline of Final Research Achievements	Acetone extract from three stages of mycelium, primordium, and mature fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus were separated and purified into fractions using silica gel column chromatography and TLC, and structurally characterized by NMR. From the screening assay for their fruiting inducing activities using paper disk, it was suggested that an endogenous fungal type glucosylceramide and triglycerides may be substances that involve in fruit-body formation of Pleurotus ostreatus at fairly low concentration. cDNA-RAPD analyses were performed with cDNAs from three stages of mycelium, primordium, and mature fruiting body. Three cDNA clones (T5, W7, A9) specifically expressed in primordium or mature fruit body were detected. Sequence analysis and database searches revealed significant similarity with hydrophobic gene of Schizophyllum commune, gene of chitin degrading enzyme in Lentinula edodes and gene of　β-1,3 glucan　degrading enzyme in Aspergillus nidulans.
Free Research Field	木材化学
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	キノコの子実体形成機構は今なお未解明の課題であり，その解明は学術・実用の両面で大変意義が大きい。本研究で得られたヒラタケの子実体誘導物質やその子実体形成期における特異的発現遺伝子に関する新規知見は，「キノコがいつ・どのような物質の関与によって子実体形成を行うのか」その分子基盤の確立に向けたさらなる学術的展開に大いに資すると期待される。子実体形成機構の解明はきのこの栽培技術の高度化にも資する重要課題であり，「森林・林業基本計画」（平成28年5月24日閣議決定）の「森林及び林業に関し、政府が総合的かつ計画的に講ずべき施策」中に挙げられている「山村の振興・地方創生への寄与」に対応した取組である。