Adaptive foundations of group-bounded behavior

2010 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 19330139
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Social psychology
• Research Institution: Hokkaido University
• Principal Investigator: YAMAGISHI Toshio 北海道大学, 大学院・文学研究科, 特任教授 (80158089)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): YUKI Masaki 北海道大学, 大学院・文学研究科, 准教授 (50301859) ; JIN Nobuhito 淑徳大学, 総合福祉学部, 准教授 (30296298) ; WATABE Motoki 早稲田大学, 高等研究所, 准教授 (40241286)
• Project Period (FY): 2007 – 2010
• Keywords: 協力行動 / 集団間葛藤 / 集団内行動 / 間接互恵性 / 集団選択 / 適応 / 進化 / 文化

Research Abstract

We have demonstrated through a series of minimal group experiments that the proximate psychological mechanism to induce individuals to favor members of their own group is in reputation psychology including sensitivity to his or her reputation within his or her own group. By empirically demonstrating the operation of this reputation psychology, the findings in this study provide a strong support to the indirect reciprocity principle, as compared to group-selection principle, as the evolutionary foundation of the in-group favoring behavior commonly observed in human society.

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Altruism toward in-group members as a reputation mechanism (2010)
  • Author(s): Mifune, N., Hashimoto, H., & Yamagishi, T.
  • Journal Title: Evolution and Human Behavior Volume: 31 Pages: 109-117
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Emotional expressivity as a signal of cooperation (2010)
  • Author(s): Schug, J., Matsumoto, D., Horita, Y., Yamagishi, T. & Bonnet, K.
  • Journal Title: Evolution and Human Behavior Volume: 31 Pages: 87-94
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Testing social preferences through differential attention to own and partner's payoff in a Prisoner's Dilemma game social preferences through differential attention to own and partner's payoff in a Prisoner's Dilemma game (2010)
  • Author(s): Tanida, S. & Yamagishi, T.
  • Journal Title: Letters on Evolutionary Behavioral Science Volume: 1(2) Pages: 31-34
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Punishers may be chosen as providers but not as recipients (2010)
  • Author(s): Horita, Y.
  • Journal Title: Letters on Evolutionary Behavioral Science Volume: 1(1) Pages: 6-9
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] 集団を基盤とした互恵性の適応基盤 (2010)
  • Author(s): 堀田結孝・山岸俊男
  • Journal Title: 心理学研究 Volume: 81(2) Pages: 114-122
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] 他者の協力行動の推測の正確さを規定する要因 (2010)
  • Author(s): 品田瑞穂・山岸俊男・谷田林士・高橋知里・犬飼佳吾・小泉径子・横田晋大・三船恒裕・高岸治人・堀田結孝・橋本博文
  • Journal Title: 心理学研究 Volume: 81(2) Pages: 149-157
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] 社会的リスクに対する不寛容性と社会的資源:インターネット調査を用いた検討 (2010)
  • Author(s): 品田瑞穂・山岸俊男・李楊・三船恒裕
  • Journal Title: Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences Working Paper Series Volume: 113
• [Journal Article] Group-based trust in strangers : The roles of stereotypes and expectations. (2009)
  • Author(s): Foddy, M., Platow, M. & Yamagishi, T.
  • Journal Title: Psychological Science Volume: 20(4) Pages: 419-422
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Social exchange and solidarity : in-group love or out-group hate? (2009)
  • Author(s): Yamagishi, T. & Mifune, N.
  • Journal Title: Evolution and Human Behavior Volume: 30(4) Pages: 229-237
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] The private rejection of unfair offers and emotional commitment. (2009)
  • Author(s): Yamagishi, T., Horita, Y., Takagishi, H., Shinada, M., Tanida, S. & Cook, K. S.
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA Volume: 106(28) Pages: 11520-11523
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] 信頼が報われる条件 (2009)
  • Author(s): 神信人・田中寿夫
  • Journal Title: 心理学研究 Volume: 80 Pages: 123-130
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] 第3者による不公正是正行動における意図の役割 (2009)
  • Author(s): 高岸治人・高橋伸幸・山岸俊男
  • Journal Title: 実験社会心理学研究 Volume: 48(2) Pages: 159-166
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] 集団内協力と集団間攻撃-最小条件集団実験の意味するもの (2009)
  • Author(s): 山岸俊男
  • Journal Title: レヴァイアサン Volume: 44 Pages: 22-46
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] 内集団への利他行動に対する『目』の効果 (2009)
  • Author(s): 三船恒裕・橋本博文・山岸俊男
  • Journal Title: Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences Working Paper Series Volume: 97
• [Journal Article] Punishers may be trusted but not rewarded. (2009)
  • Author(s): Horita, Y. & Yamagishi, T.
  • Journal Title: Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences Working Paper Series Volume: 102
• [Journal Article] Does shared group membership promote atruism? (2008)
  • Author(s): Yamagishi, T., & Mifune, N.
  • Journal Title: Rationality and Society Volume: 20(1) Pages: 5-30
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Exchanges of group-based favors : Ingroup bias in the prisoner's dilemma game with minimal groups in Japan and New Zealand. (2008)
  • Author(s): Yamagishi, T., Mifune, N., Liu, J. H. & Pauling, J.
  • Journal Title: Asian Journal of Social Psychology Volume: 11(3) Pages: 196-207
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] サンクション行動および公正さの認知における信頼の効果:戒めと報復 (2008)
  • Author(s): 森本裕子・渡部幹・楠見孝
  • Journal Title: 社会心理学研究 Volume: 24 Pages: 108-119
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Social exchange and coalition in intra-group cooperation and inter-group competition. (2008)
  • Author(s): Yamagishi, T. & Mifune, N.
  • Journal Title: Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences Working Paper Series Volume: 80
• [Journal Article] Punishing free riders : direct and indirect promotion of cooperation (2007)
  • Author(s): Shinada, M. & Yamagishi, T.
  • Journal Title: Evolution and Human Behavior Volume: 28(5) Pages: 330-33
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] The social exchange heuristic : Managing errors in social exchange. (2007)
  • Author(s): Yamagishi, T., Terai, S., Kiyonari, T., Mifune, N. & Kanazawa, S.
  • Journal Title: Rationality and Society Volume: 19(3) Pages: 259-291
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] 信頼行動の内集団バイアス:最小条件集団を用いた分配者選択実験 (2007)
  • Author(s): 鈴木直人・金野祐介・山岸俊男
  • Journal Title: 心理学研究 Volume: 78(1) Pages: 17-24
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] 直接交換と間接交換が内集団信頼行動へ及ぼす影響 (2007)
  • Author(s): 清成透子・Foddy, M.・山岸俊男
  • Journal Title: 心理学研究 Volume: 77(6) Pages: 519-527
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] 互酬性と同一性保護:最後通告ゲームにおける拒否の理由 (2007)
  • Author(s): 堀田結孝・山岸俊男
  • Journal Title: 心理学研究 Volume: 78(4) Pages: 446-451
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] 国籍カテゴリーを用いた「閉ざされた一般的互酬性仮説」の検証 (2007)
  • Author(s): 三船恒裕・牧村洋介・山岸俊男
  • Journal Title: 21世紀COE<心の文化・生態学的基盤>ワーキングペーパーシリーズ Volume: 68
• [Journal Article] 集団を基盤とした互恵性の適応基盤 (2007)
  • Author(s): 堀田結孝・山岸俊男
  • Journal Title: 21世紀COE<心の文化・生態学的基盤>ワーキングペーパーシリーズ Volume: 70
• [Presentation] In-group bias in minimal group experiments (2011)
  • Author(s): Yamagishi, T.
  • Organizer: Distinguished fellow lecture at the Sage Center for the Study of the Mind
  • Place of Presentation: University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
  • Year and Date: 2011-04-04
• [Presentation] 社会的リスク回避傾向とゲーム行動 (2010)
  • Author(s): 三浦亜理紗・品田瑞穂・山岸俊男
  • Organizer: 日本人間行動進化学会第3回大会
  • Place of Presentation: 神戸大学、神戸
  • Year and Date: 2010-12-05
• [Presentation] 規範逸脱者への制裁が印象に及ぼす効果の検討 (2010)
  • Author(s): 堀田結孝・山岸俊男
  • Organizer: 北海道心理学会第57回大会
  • Place of Presentation: 札幌国際大学、札幌
  • Year and Date: 2010-10-10
• [Presentation] 内集団ひいきと評価懸念傾向との関連 (2010)
  • Author(s): 三船恒裕・山岸俊男
  • Organizer: 北海道心理学会第57回大会
  • Place of Presentation: 札幌国際大学、札幌
  • Year and Date: 2010-10-10
• [Presentation] 感情的行動の適応基盤:進化シミュレーションによる検討 (2010)
  • Author(s): 堀田結孝・山岸俊男
  • Organizer: 日本社会心理学会第51回大会
  • Place of Presentation: 広島大学、東広島
  • Year and Date: 2010-09-16
• [Presentation] 社会的リスク回避としての"ひきこもり" (2010)
  • Author(s): 山岸俊男
  • Organizer: 日本臨床発達心理士会第6回全国大会
  • Place of Presentation: 関西学院大学、西宮
  • Year and Date: 2010-08-08
• [Presentation] 「集団内協力と評判心理」北海道大学大学院法学研究科GCOEプログラム (2010)
  • Author(s): 山岸俊男
  • Organizer: 「多元分散型統御を目指す新世代法政策学」研究会
  • Place of Presentation: 北海道大学、札幌
  • Year and Date: 2010-07-31
• [Presentation] The impact of theory of mind on fairness and reciprocity in preschool children (2010)
  • Author(s): Schug, J., Takagishi, H., Okada, H., Miyazaki, M. & Yamagishi, T.
  • Organizer: The 22nd Annual Meeting of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society
  • Place of Presentation: University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
  • Year and Date: 2010-06-20
• [Presentation] Males with stress-induced cortisol elevation are judged to be cooperators (2010)
  • Author(s): Kiyonari, K., Takahashi, T., Schug, S., Inukai, K., Shinada, M. Yamagishi, T., 他2名
  • Organizer: The 22nd Annual Meeting of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society
  • Place of Presentation: University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
  • Year and Date: 2010-06-18
• [Presentation] 脳研究と社会科学 (2010)
  • Author(s): 山岸俊男
  • Organizer: 武田シンポジューム2010
  • Place of Presentation: 東京大学、東京
  • Year and Date: 2010-02-06
• [Presentation] Effects of trustfulness on evaluation of punishment behavior : Warning and Revenge (2009)
  • Author(s): Morimoto, Y. & Watabe, M.
  • Organizer: GLOPEII International Young Scholars' Conference "Political Economy of Institutions and Expectations"
  • Place of Presentation: 早稲田大学、東京
  • Year and Date: 2009-12-05
• [Presentation] The private rejection of unfair offers : Reasons for rejection in the ultimatum games (2009)
  • Author(s): Horita, Y., Yamagishi, T., 他4名
  • Organizer: Tamagawa University & Hokkaido University Global COE Joint Symposium
  • Place of Presentation: Tamagawa University, Tokyo
  • Year and Date: 2009-10-24
• [Presentation] Peers are watching you : Altruism toward in-group members as a reputation mechanism (2009)
  • Author(s): Mifune, N., Hashimoto, H. & Yamagishi, T.
  • Organizer: Tamagawa University & Hokkaido University Global COE Joint Symposium
  • Place of Presentation: Tamagawa University, Tokyo
  • Year and Date: 2009-10-24
• [Presentation] Emotional expression and cooperation (2009)
  • Author(s): Schug, J., Matsumoto, D., Horita, Y., Yamagishi, T. & Bonnet, K.
  • Organizer: Tamagawa University & Hokkaido University Global COE Joint Symposium
  • Place of Presentation: Tamagawa University, Tokyo
  • Year and Date: 2009-10-24
• [Presentation] Theory of mind enhances preference for fairness (2009)
  • Author(s): Takagishi, H., Kameshima, S., Schug, J., Koizumi, M, & Yamagishi, T.
  • Organizer: Tamagawa University & Hokkaido University Global COE Joint Symposium
  • Place of Presentation: Tamagawa University, Tokyo
  • Year and Date: 2009-10-24
• [Presentation] 内集団ひいきにおける適応論アプローチ (2009)
  • Author(s): 三船恒裕・山岸俊男
  • Organizer: 日本社会心理学会第50回大会・日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会第56回大会合同大会
  • Place of Presentation: 大阪大学、大阪
  • Year and Date: 2009-10-11
• [Presentation] 内集団協力によって外集団脅威は生起するか (2009)
  • Author(s): 坪井翔・渡部幹
  • Organizer: 日本社会心理学会・日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会
  • Place of Presentation: 大阪大学、大阪
  • Year and Date: 2009-10-10
• [Presentation] In-group cooperation and reputational psychology (2009)
  • Author(s): Yamagishi, T.
  • Organizer: International Conference on Evolution of Cooperation Models and Theories
  • Place of Presentation: IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria
  • Year and Date: 2009-09-16
• [Presentation] Your peers are watching you : Reputation sensitivity and in-group favoritism (2009)
  • Author(s): Hashimoto, H., Mifune, N. & Yamagishi, T.
  • Organizer: The 13th International Conference on Social Dilemmas
  • Place of Presentation: Kyoto Miyako Hotel, Kyoto
  • Year and Date: 2009-08-22
• [Presentation] Sex differences in in-group bias using a PD game with minimal groups (2009)
  • Author(s): Mifune, N. & Yamagishi, T.
  • Organizer: The 13th International Conference on Social Dilemmas
  • Place of Presentation: Kyoto Miyako Hotel, Kyoto
  • Year and Date: 2009-08-21
• [Presentation] In-group cooperation as a reputation mechanism (2009)
  • Author(s): Yamagishi, T.
  • Organizer: 2009IACM Conference
  • Place of Presentation: Hyatt Regency Kyoto, Kyoto
  • Year and Date: 2009-06-16
• [Presentation] Peers are watching you : Eyes promote altruism toward in-group members (2009)
  • Author(s): Mifune, N., Hashimoto, H. & Yamagishi, T.
  • Organizer: The 21st Annual Meeting of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society
  • Place of Presentation: California State University, Fullerton, USA
  • Year and Date: 2009-05-29
• [Presentation] 評判メカニズムとしての内集団ひいき行動 (2009)
  • Author(s): 山岸俊男
  • Organizer: 玉川大学グローバルCOEプログラム「社会に生きる心の創成」脳と心の対話-脳科学の時代に<心>をどう知るか第1回特別講義
  • Place of Presentation: 玉川大学,東京
  • Year and Date: 2009-02-06
• [Presentation] Group-based reciprocity as an adaptive strategy for generalized exchange (2008)
  • Author(s): Horita, Y. & Yamagishi, T.
  • Organizer: Human Behavior & Evolution Society 20th Annual Conference
  • Place of Presentation: Kyoto University, Kyoto
  • Year and Date: 20080605-08
• [Presentation] Sex difference of ingroup bias in minimal groups (2008)
  • Author(s): Mifune, N. & Yamagishi, T.
  • Organizer: Human Behavior & Evolution Society 20th Annual Conference
  • Place of Presentation: Kyoto University, Kyoto
  • Year and Date: 20080605-08
• [Presentation] 社会的ジレンマにおける協力促進要因としての規範の過大視 (2008)
  • Author(s): 小野田竜一・松本良恵・神信人
  • Organizer: 北海道心理学会
  • Place of Presentation: 北星学園大学、札幌
  • Year and Date: 2008-11-23
• [Presentation] 内集団への利他行動に対する目の効果 (2008)
  • Author(s): 三船恒裕・橋本博文・山岸俊男
  • Organizer: 日本社会心理学会第49回大会
  • Place of Presentation: 鹿児島県民交流センター鹿児島
  • Year and Date: 2008-11-03
• [Presentation] 社会的ジレンマ状況における規範の過大視 (2008)
  • Author(s): 小野田竜一・松本良恵・神信人
  • Organizer: 日本社会心理学会第49回大会
  • Place of Presentation: 鹿児島県民交流センター、鹿児島
  • Year and Date: 2008-11-02
• [Presentation] リーダー-成員間相互依存構造フレームの変換による二次的ジレンマの回避 (2008)
  • Author(s): 松本良恵・神信人
  • Organizer: 日本社会心理学会第49回大会
  • Place of Presentation: 鹿児島県民交流センター、鹿児島
  • Year and Date: 2008-11-02
• [Presentation] Sex differences in in-group bias : Are males more aggressive toward out-group members than females? (2008)
  • Author(s): Mifune, N. & Yamagishi, T.
  • Organizer: The 12th Experimental Social Sciences Conference
  • Place of Presentation: Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo
  • Year and Date: 2008-09-07
• [Presentation] In-group favoring behavior and reputation (2008)
  • Author(s): Hashimoto, H., Mifune, N. & Yamagishi, T.
  • Organizer: The 12th Experimental Social Sciences Conference
  • Place of Presentation: Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo
  • Year and Date: 2008-09-07
• [Presentation] 社会科学における『協力の進化』 (2008)
  • Author(s): 渡部幹
  • Organizer: 日本進化学会
  • Place of Presentation: 東京大学、東京
  • Year and Date: 2008-08-22
• [Presentation] Reliability of reputational information : Experimental studies (2008)
  • Author(s): Watabe, M.
  • Organizer: Annual Meeting of American Sociological Association
  • Place of Presentation: Hilton Boston Back Bay, Boston, USA
  • Year and Date: 2008-08-02
• [Presentation] Sex differences in the in-group bias with minimal groups (2008)
  • Author(s): Mifune, N. & Yamagishi, T.
  • Organizer: XXIX ICP
  • Place of Presentation: ICCBerlin, Berlin, Germany
  • Year and Date: 2008-07-22
• [Presentation] 内集団バイアスの性差:最小条件集団を用いた実験研究 (2008)
  • Author(s): 三船恒裕・山岸俊男
  • Organizer: 日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会第55回大会
  • Place of Presentation: 広島大学、東広島
  • Year and Date: 2008-06-15
• [Presentation] Social preference and strategy in in-group love and out-group hatred (2008)
  • Author(s): Yamagishi, T.
  • Organizer: Plenary talk (June 8) at Human Behavior & Evolution Society 20th Annual Conference
  • Place of Presentation: Kyoto University, Kyoto
  • Year and Date: 2008-06-08
• [Presentation] Evolution of linked game strategies in social and prisoners' dilemmas (2008)
  • Author(s): Watabe, M., Ueda, Y., Masumoto, G., & Hashimoto, K.
  • Organizer: Human Behavior & Evolution Society 20th Annual Conference
  • Place of Presentation: Kyoto University、Kyoto
  • Year and Date: 2008-06-07
• [Presentation] In-group favoring behavior as a reputation device (2008)
  • Author(s): Yamagishi, T.
  • Organizer: Keynote address at the 1st GCOE International Syposium, Evolution and the Sociality of Mind
  • Place of Presentation: UCSB, Santa Barbara, USA.
  • Year and Date: 2008-02-24
• [Presentation] 自集団への互恵行動の適応基盤:順次付き囚人のジレンマを用いた検討 (2007)
  • Author(s): 堀田結孝・山岸俊男
  • Organizer: 第9回人間進化学研究会
  • Place of Presentation: 総合研究大学院大学、葉山町
  • Year and Date: 20071208-09
• [Presentation] 最小条件集団における内集団ひいきの性差の検討 (2007)
  • Author(s): 三船恒裕・山岸俊男
  • Organizer: 第9回人間進化学研究会
  • Place of Presentation: 総合研究大学院大学、葉山町
  • Year and Date: 20071208-09
• [Presentation] 公正-不公正なパニッシュ行為者に対する他者評価の検討 (2007)
  • Author(s): 森本裕子・渡部幹・楠見孝
  • Organizer: 第9回人間進化学研究会
  • Place of Presentation: 総合研究大学院大学、葉山町
  • Year and Date: 2007-12-09
• [Presentation] 低コストシグナルに対するサンクションの効果 (2007)
  • Author(s): 大薗博記・渡部幹・上田祥行
  • Organizer: 第9回人間進化学研究会
  • Place of Presentation: 総合研究大学院大学、葉山町
  • Year and Date: 2007-12-09
• [Presentation] 独裁者ゲームにおける内集団への利他行動 (2007)
  • Author(s): 三船恒裕・山岸俊男
  • Organizer: 第11回実験社会科学コンファランス
  • Place of Presentation: 早稲田大学、東京
  • Year and Date: 2007-10-27
• [Presentation] Reciprocity, strong reciprocity, and fairness, Group Symposium on "Parallel Universes or Converging Disciplines? Behavioral Economics and Experimental Social Psychology" (2007)
  • Author(s): Yamagishi, T.
  • Organizer: Annual Conference of the Society of Experimental Social Psychology
  • Place of Presentation: University of Chicago , Chicago, USA
  • Year and Date: 2007-10-13
• [Presentation] 集団成員性の共有性が自集団への協力行動に与える影響:日本・ニュージーランド比較実験 (2007)
  • Author(s): 三船恒裕・山岸俊男
  • Organizer: 北海道心理学会
  • Place of Presentation: 北海道教育大学、旭川
  • Year and Date: 2007-10-07
• [Presentation] 一般交換システムへの適応としての内集団ひいき:順序つきPDを用いた実験研究 (2007)
  • Author(s): 堀田結孝・山岸俊男
  • Organizer: 日本社会心理学会第48回大会
  • Place of Presentation: 早稲田大学、東京
  • Year and Date: 2007-09-23
• [Presentation] 集団差別意図が非当事者による報復に及ぼす影響 (2007)
  • Author(s): 品田瑞穂・山岸俊男
  • Organizer: 日本社会心理学会第48回大会
  • Place of Presentation: 早稲田大学、東京
  • Year and Date: 2007-09-23
• [Presentation] 情と言語的情報が信頼性判断に及ぼす影響 (2007)
  • Author(s): 大薗博記・森本裕子・中嶋智史・小宮あすか・渡部幹・吉川左紀子
  • Organizer: 日本社会心理学会第48回大会
  • Place of Presentation: 早稲田大学、東京
  • Year and Date: 2007-09-22
• [Presentation] サンクション行動におけるシグナリング効果 (2007)
  • Author(s): 森本裕子・渡部幹
  • Organizer: 京都大学霊長類研究所共同利用研究会
  • Place of Presentation: 京都大学、京都
  • Year and Date: 2007-09-01
• [Presentation] Ingroup favoritism as generalized exchange of favors (2007)
  • Author(s): Mifune, N., Liu, J. & Yamagishi, T.
  • Organizer: Comparison of Japanese and New Zealanders. Asian Association of Social Psychology Conference 2007
  • Place of Presentation: Pacific Stella Hotel, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
  • Year and Date: 2007-07-27
• [Book] Whom can we trust? How groups, networks, and institutions make trust possible (2009)
  • Author(s): Foddy M. & Yamagishi T.
  • Total Pages: 17-41
  • Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation. Group-based trust : Social exchange bases of trust in group contexts. Cook, K., Hardin, R. & Levi, M.(Eds.)
• [Book] New issues and paradigms in social dilemma research (2008)
  • Author(s): Shinada, M. & Yamagishi, T.
  • Total Pages: 93-123
  • Publisher: Springer. Bringing back Leviathan into social dilemmas. Biel, A., Eek, D., Garling, T. & Gustafsson, M.(Eds.)