2007 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Medieval human life activity based on human and animal skeletal remains.
| Project/Area Number |
19900112
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Institution | University of the Ryukyus |
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Principal Investigator |
ISHIDA Hajime University of the Ryukyus, Faculty of Medicine, Professor (70145225)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
IWAMASA Teruo University of the Ryukyus, President (10110842)
DOI Naomi University of the Ryukyus, 医学部, Associate Professor (30128053)
HIRATA Kazuaki St. Marianna University, Faculty of Medicine, Professor (50139648)
UZAWA Kazuhiro University of East Asia, Faculty of Human sciences, Department of Humanities and Social sciences, Associate Professor (60341252)
YONEDA Minoru The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Frontier Science, Division of Integrated Biosciences, Associate Professor (30280712)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2007
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| Keywords | Okhotsk Culturoe people / Medieval Kamakura people / Historic Ryukyu people / Zooarchaeology / Paleopathology / Physical Anthropology / Life activity / Isotope analysis |
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| Research Abstract |
Hirata and others (2004) discussed skeletal injuries caused by sharp weapons among four medieval archaeological sites, in Kamakura, Japan. It is interesting that the injuries by swords in the medieval Japanese skeletons of Zaimokuza site were distinguishable from those of other three sites. A medieval Yuigahama-minami skeletal samples abridged life-table analysis yielded a life expectancy at birth of 24.0 years for both sexes, a life expectancy at age 15 years of 15.8 years for males, and 18.0 years for females. The small tooth size of the Kamakura medieval series may be related to non-lineage factors, and would not contradict their similarity in odontometric pattern with the Yayoi, Kofun, Ed, and modern series.
Population affinities and biological variation in human skeletal series associated with the Okhotsk culture from Hokkaido and Sakhalin Islands during the 5th and 12th century AD are investigated using 19 nonmetric cranial traits. The method of Relethford and Blangero (1990) sugg
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ests that the eastern Okhotsk had a larger Rii value (distance from the centroid) and a lower observed variation than the northern Okhotsk, indicating that the eastern Okhotsk lost phenotypic variability. The Jomon and Ainu were closer to the Okhotsk than to other Northeast Asian series prior to any admixture.
In order to investigate the phylogenetic status of the Okhotsk people, DNA was carefully extracted from human bone remains excavated from their archaeological sites. The phylogenetic relationships inferred from mtDNA sequences showed that the Okhotsk people were closer to the Nivkhi and Ulchi people among northeastern Asian populations. Moreover, the Okhotsk people had a relatively closer genetic affinity with the Ainu people of Hokkaido.
Nonmetric cranial variation of the Ryukyuans, including the historic Kumejima population, and their neighboring peoples was investigated. The result may prove not only northern, but also southern influences to the Ryukyu Islands during the prehistoric and historic times, as suggested by recent genetic studies. Degenerative diseases of the spine and limb bones, and dental disease were investigated in the early modern people, consisting of human skeletal remains found in Kumejima. Severe degenerative diseases of the lumbar vertebra were more frequently seen in females. Frequency of right elbow osteoarthritis of scale 4 in female is higher than in male. The highest rate of dental caries occurred in the adult females. Not only female physiological events, such as pregnancy and menopause, but also differences in food preference may have led to this sex difference, as suggested by isotopic analysis. Younger adult females tended to be more affected by LEH, indicating that they experienced greater physiological stress during early childhood. Less
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Research Products
(98 results)
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[Journal Article] 中世日本人の頭蓋形態の変異2006
Author(s)
長岡朋人, 静島昭夫, 深田純明, 平田和明
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Journal Title
Anthropological Science (Japanese series) 114
Pages: 139-150
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
Peer Reviewed
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[Presentation] 由比ヶ浜南遺跡中世人骨の結核2007
Author(s)
星野敬吾, 右高-五十嵐潤子, 深田純明, 長岡朋人, 平田和明
Organizer
第61回日本人類学会大会
Place of Presentation
新潟
Year and Date
20071006-20071008
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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[Presentation] 中世鎌倉人骨のエナメル質減形成2007
Author(s)
深田純明, 長岡朋人, 星野敬吾, 平田和明
Organizer
第61回日本人類学会大会
Place of Presentation
新潟
Year and Date
20071006-20071008
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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[Presentation] オホーツク文化人の古代DNA分析2006
Author(s)
佐藤丈寛, 小野裕子, 天野哲也, 石田肇, 小寺春人, 松村博文, 米田穣, 増田隆
Organizer
第60回日本人類学会大会
Place of Presentation
高知
Year and Date
20061103-20061105
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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[Presentation] 脊椎カリエスの古病理学2006
Author(s)
星野敬吾, 平田和明
Organizer
第111回日本解剖学会総会・全国学術集会
Place of Presentation
相模原
Year and Date
20060329-20060331
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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[Presentation] 中世日本人の頭蓋形態の変異2006
Author(s)
長岡朋人, 静島昭夫, 深田純明, 平田和明
Organizer
第111回日本解剖学会総会・全国学術集会
Place of Presentation
相模原
Year and Date
20060329-20060331
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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[Presentation] オホーツク文化人骨の頭蓋形態小変異2005
Author(s)
米須敦子, 埴原恒彦, 譜久嶺忠彦, 天野哲也, 小野裕子, 米田穣, 石田肇
Organizer
第59回日本人類学会大会
Place of Presentation
横浜
Year and Date
20051104-20051106
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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