Wide Field Astronomical Survey by high Speed CMOS

2022 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 20H00181
• Research Institution: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
• Principal Investigator: 宮崎 聡 国立天文台, ハワイ観測所, 教授 (20290885)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 藤田 裕 東京都立大学, 理学研究科, 教授 (10332165) ; 鎌田 有紀子 国立天文台, 先端技術センター, 技師 (10413973) ; 小宮山 裕 法政大学, 理工学部, 教授 (20370108) ; 大栗 真宗 千葉大学, 先進科学センター, 教授 (60598572) ; 川野元 聡 国立天文台, ハワイ観測所, 特任研究員 (90727398)
• Project Period (FY): 2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
• Keywords: 天文学 / 天文観測機器 / ダークマター / CMOS / 半導体検出器

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

すばる望遠鏡用に開発されたHyperSuprime-Cam(HSC)により、日本がこの分野を主導してきている。さらに国際競争力を高めるため、高速に読み出し可能なCMOSセンサー開発し、これまでのCCDでは不可能であった、短時間変動する天体探査を行い、天体観測の新しいフロンティアを開拓することが本研究の目的である。

本研究以前に行ってきた試作において、読み出し雑音2電子程度など、素子の電気的特性は概ね満足がいく試作品が完成しているものの、以下の3点が未解決のまま残されていた。(1)受光面内の量子効率の非一様性、(2)量子効率と電荷の広がりのトレードオフの最適化、(3)毎秒10フレーム読み出しを可能にする、読み出し回路の開発、である。研究初年度は(2)に取り組んだ。量子効率を改善するために単純にシリコンを厚くすると、光で生成された電子(光電子)が電極に到達する前に横方向に広がり、解像度が劣化する。劣化を防ぐためには、光電子をなるべく垂直方向に移動させる必要がある。基板のエピタキシャル層の厚さと濃度などを変更し、さらにイオン注入のチューニングなどで、横方向に電子が広がらないポテンシャルを作り出す必要がある。これらを工夫することによって、電荷の広がりをピクセルサイズの半分(3.8ミクロン)以下に抑えかつ、最大値で5%程度の量子効率増加を達成することができた。次年度と最終年度においては課題(1)及び(3)に取り組んだ。CMOSプロトタイプで問題になっていた量子効率の非一様性は、ウェハの薄型化が均一に行われていないことに起因していると考えられていた。研磨スピード、砥石回転スピード、研磨剤など、ウエハの研磨工程の改良を行うことで、従来±10%発生していた量子効率の ばらつきを±5%におさえることができた。また、マスクの設計を改良することで、毎秒10フレームの読み出しが可能になった。

Research Progress Status

令和4年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

令和4年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS) (2023)
  • Author(s): Ota N.、Nguyen-Dang N. T.、Mitsuishi I.、Oguri M.、Klein M.、Okabe N.、Ramos-Ceja M. E.、Reiprich T. H.、Pacaud F.、Bulbul E.、Bruggen M.、Liu A.、Migkas K.、Chiu I.、Ghirardini V.、Grandis S.、Lin Y.-T.、Miyatake H.、Miyazaki S.、Sanders J. S.
  • Journal Title: Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume: 669 Pages: A110～A110
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202244260
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Third data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (2022)
  • Author(s): Aihara Hiroaki,,, Komiyama Yutaka,,, Miyazaki Satoshi ,,, Oguri Masamune
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 74 Pages: 247～272
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psab122
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The three-year shear catalog of the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP Survey (2022)
  • Author(s): Li Xiangchong,,, Miyazaki Satoshi,,, Oguri Masamune ,,,
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 74 Pages: 421～459
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psac006
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS) (2022)
  • Author(s): Klein M.、Oguri M.、Mohr J. J.、Grandis S.、Ghirardini V.、Liu T.、Liu A.、Bulbul E.、Wolf J.、Comparat J.、Ramos-Ceja M. E.、Buchner J.、Chiu I.、Clerc N.、Merloni A.、Miyatake H.、Miyazaki S.、Okabe N.、Ota N.、Pacaud F.、Salvato M.、Driver S. P.
  • Journal Title: Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume: 661 Pages: A4～A4
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202141123
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] MUSSES2020J: The Earliest Discovery of a Fast Blue Ultraluminous Transient at Redshift 1.063 (2022)
  • Author(s): Jiang Ji-an,,, Miyazaki Satoshi ,,,
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Letters Volume: 933 Pages: L36～L36
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac7390
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] First Identification of a CMB Lensing Signal Produced by 1.5 Million Galaxies at z ~ 4 : Constraints on Matter Density Fluctuations at High Redshift (2022)
  • Author(s): Miyatake Hironao、Harikane Yuichi、Ouchi Masami、Ono Yoshiaki、Yamamoto Nanaka、Nishizawa Atsushi J.、Bahcall Neta、Miyazaki Satoshi、Malag?n Andr?s A. Plazas
  • Journal Title: Physical Review Letters Volume: 129 Pages: NA
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.061301
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) for the Subaru Telescope: its start of the last development phase (2022)
  • Author(s): Tamura Naoyuki,,, Kamata Yukiko ,,, Kawanomoto Satoshi ,,, Miyazaki Satoshi ,,,
  • Journal Title: SPIE Volume: 12184 Pages: 10~18
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2628152
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Cosmological inference from an emulator based halo model. II. Joint analysis of galaxy-galaxy weak lensing and galaxy clustering from HSC-Y1 and SDSS (2022)
  • Author(s): Miyatake Hironao,,, Oguri Masamune,,, Komiyama Yutaka ,,, Miyazaki Satoshi ,,,
  • Journal Title: Physical Review D Volume: 106 Pages: NA
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.106.083520
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Amplitude and phase fluctuations of gravitational waves magnified by strong gravitational lensing (2022)
  • Author(s): Oguri Masamune、Takahashi Ryuichi
  • Journal Title: Physical Review D Volume: 106 Pages: NA
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.106.043532
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The Gamma-Ray Emission from the Supernova Remnant RX J1713.7-3946 Interacting with Two-phase Medium (2022)
  • Author(s): Fujita Yutaka、Yamazaki Ryo、Ohira Yutaka
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 933 Pages: 126～126
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac731e
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Evidence for powerful winds and the associated reverse shock as the origin of the Fermi bubbles (2022)
  • Author(s): Fujita Yutaka
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume: 518 Pages: 4551～4556
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac3312
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] EMPRESS. VI. Outflows Investigated in Low-mass Galaxies with M* = 10^4 - 10^7 M_solar: Weak Feedback in Low-mass Galaxies? (2022)
  • Author(s): Xu Yi、Ouchi Masami、Rauch Michael、Nakajima Kimihiko、Harikane Yuichi、Sugahara Yuma、Komiyama Yutaka、Kusakabe Haruka、Fujimoto Seiji、Isobe Yuki、Kim Ji Hoon、Ono Yoshiaki、Zahedy Fakhri S.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 929 Pages: 134～134
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac5e32
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] HSC Year 1 cosmology results with the minimal bias method: HSC x BOSS galaxy-galaxy weak lensing and BOSS galaxy clustering (2022)
  • Author(s): Sugiyama Sunao,,,Oguri Masamune,,,Komiyama Yutaka,,,
  • Journal Title: Physical Review D Volume: 105 Pages: NA
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.105.123537
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The Nature of Low-surface-brightness Galaxies in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey (2022)
  • Author(s): Greene Jenny E.、Greco Johnny P.、Goulding Andy D.、Huang Song、Kado-Fong Erin、Danieli Shany、Li Jiaxuan、Kim Ji Hoon、Komiyama Yutaka、Leauthaud Alexie、MacArthur Lauren A.、Sifon Cristobal
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 933 Pages: 150～150
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac7238
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] GREX-PLUS: galaxy reionization explorer and planetary universe spectrometer (2022)
  • Author(s): Inoue Akio K.、Kaneda Hidehiro、Yamada Toru、Harikane Yuichi、Ishihara Daisuke、Kodama Tadayuki、Komiyama Yutaka、Moriya Takashi、Motohara Kentaro、Nomura Hideko、Ouchi Masami、Oyabu Shinki、Suzuki Toyoaki、Wada Takehiko、Yamamura Issei
  • Journal Title: SPIE Volume: 12180 Pages: 1-10
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2626050
• [Journal Article] The Missing Satellite Problem outside of the Local Group. II. Statistical Properties of Satellites of Milky Way-like Galaxies (2022)
  • Author(s): Nashimoto Masashi、Tanaka Masayuki、Chiba Masashi、Hayashi Kohei、Komiyama Yutaka、Okamoto Takashi
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 936 Pages: 38～38
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac83a4
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] EMPRESS. V. Metallicity Diagnostics of Galaxies over 12 + log(O/H) ? 6.9?8.9 Established by a Local Galaxy Census: Preparing for JWST Spectroscopy (2022)
  • Author(s): Nakajima Kimihiko、Ouchi Masami、Xu Yi、Rauch Michael、Harikane Yuichi、Nishigaki Moka、Isobe Yuki、Kusakabe Haruka、Nagao Tohru、Ono Yoshiaki、Onodera Masato、Sugahara Yuma、Kim Ji Hoon、Komiyama Yutaka、Lee Chien-Hsiu、Zahedy Fakhri S.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Volume: 262 Pages: 3～3
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ac7710
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] First Detection of the Molecular Cloud Population in the Extended Ultraviolet Disk of M83 (2022)
  • Author(s): Koda Jin、Watson Linda、Combes Francoise、Rubio Monica、Boissier Samuel、Yagi Masafumi、Thilker David、Lee Amanda M、Komiyama Yutaka、Morokuma-Matsui Kana、Verdugo Celia
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 941 Pages: 3～3
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac9dfc
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] EMPRESS. VIII. A New Determination of Primordial He Abundance with Extremely Metal-poor Galaxies: A Suggestion of the Lepton Asymmetry and Implications for the Hubble Tension (2022)
  • Author(s): Matsumoto Akinori,,, Komiyama Yutaka,,,
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 941 Pages: 167～167
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac9ea1
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research