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2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

RNA granule-mediated regulation for local translation and presynapse formation: relation between phase separation and synapse granules

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 20K06877
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 46010:Neuroscience-general-related
Research InstitutionYokohama City University

Principal Investigator

Yukio Sasaki  横浜市立大学, 生命医科学研究科, 准教授 (10295511)

Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Keywords横浜市 / 神経生物学 / 脆弱X症候群 / 自閉スペクトラム症 / 液-液相分離 / 光遺伝学 / RNA顆粒 / RNA結合タンパク質
Outline of Final Research Achievements

Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) is a component of RNA granules, including stress granules. Our study suggests that FMRP, in conjunction with other RNA-binding proteins, forms RNA granules and regulates local translation in the presynapses of neuronal axons. FMRP-deficient neurons demonstrated elevated local translation and increased synaptic vesicle secretion. However, in metformin-treated FMRP-deficient neurons, translation was suppressed, and synaptic vesicle secretion was reduced to levels observed in wild types. We developed an optogenetic system to control RNA granule formation, where blue light irradiation prompts liquid-liquid phase separation, enabling spatial and temporal regulation of FMRP-containing RNA granules. Using this system, we plan to clarify the mechanisms through which RNA granule formation influences synaptic morphology and functions.

Free Research Field

神経生物学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

遺伝性神経発達障害で最も頻度が高い脆弱X症候群(FXS)は、知的障害や自閉症の症状を示す。今回、FXSの原因遺伝子産物であるFMRPが、G3BP2などの他のRNA結合タンパク質と共にシナプスでRNA顆粒を形成し、局所翻訳を制御することでシナプス機能を調節すると示唆する結果を得た。最近G3BP2等の数個のRNA結合タンパク質において神経発達障害で変異が見られ、RNA顆粒形成に異常があることが報告された。従って、我々の研究成果は他の神経発達障害でも共通する可能性のある病態を示している。今後の研究進展により、RNA顆粒形成がどのように神経発達障害の病態に影響を及ぼすかが明らかになると期待される

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Published: 2024-01-30  

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