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2012 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

有機半導体のフロンティア状態密度の直接観測に基づいた電気物性の解明

Research Project

Project/Area Number 21245042
Research InstitutionChiba University

Principal Investigator

石井 久夫  千葉大学, 先進科学センター, 教授 (60232237)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 野口 裕  千葉大学, 先進科学センター, 助教 (20399538)
中山 泰生  千葉大学, 先進科学センター, 特任講師 (30451751)
宮前 孝行  独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所, その他部局等, 研究員 (80358134)
Project Period (FY) 2009-04-01 – 2013-03-31
Keywords有機半導体 / ギャプ内準位 / 光電子収量分光 / 紫外光電子分光 / 界面電子構造 / キャリア注入 / 帯電性高分子
Research Abstract

有機半導体材料のHOMOやLUMOなどのフロンティア軌道の電子構造に加えてHOMO-LUMOギャップ内にあると考えられる不純物準位や欠陥準位などのギャップ内準位の電子構造は現実のデバイス特性を理解する上で不可欠である.電気物性を左右するこれらの電子準位の状態密度(フロンティア状態密度)を直接測定する実験手法を整備し,電子構造測定と同時に電気特性の"その場測定"を行い,観測されたフロンティア状態密度に基づいて,素子の電気物性を解明することを本研究の目的としている.
本年度は、昨年度整備した装置を用いて、低エネルギー低迷光紫外光電子分光(LELS-UPS)と高感度光電子収量分光(HS-PYS)測定により種々の有機半導体バルク・界面の電子構造評価を行った。真空内電気測定系も整備したが,分光測定において興味深い結果が得られたのでそちらを優先したため、電気測定のその場観察測定は予定より遅れ,現在実験を進めている.今年度の主な成果は以下のとおり.
(1) 有機太陽電池のモデル界面であるルブレン/C60系において,埋もれた界面の測定に成功し,C60の蒸着にともない有機・有機界面のモルフォロジーが変化することを見いだした.これは新しいバルクへテロ接合作成法の可能性を示唆するものである.
(2) ペンタセン,ルブレンなどの有機半導体や,PETやナイロンなど摩擦帯電に関連した高分子絶縁体などのギャプ内準位の測定を行い,HS-PYSにおいて最大で7桁の強度レンジの測定に成功し,得られた電子構造と電気特性の相関を解明した.
(3) 正孔輸送材料/ITO界面のフロンティア状態密度を実測し,注入特性と密接な関連があることを示した.現在,注入メカニズムの再構築を検討している.

Current Status of Research Progress
Reason

24年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

24年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

  • Research Products

    (53 results)

All 2013 2012 Other

All Journal Article (14 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 12 results) Presentation (37 results) (of which Invited: 12 results) Book (1 results) Remarks (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] Low-Energy Photoemission Study of C60/Rubrene/Au Interfaces in Practical Device Thickness2013

    • Author(s)
      Shin'ichi Machida, Yusuke Ozawa, Juni-ichi Takahashi, Hiroshi Tokairin, Yasuo Nakayama, Hisao Ishii
    • Journal Title

      Applied Physics Express

      Volume: 6(2) Pages: 025801-1-3

  • [Journal Article] Valence band structure of rubrene single crystals at the contact with an organic gate dielectric2013

    • Author(s)
      Yasuo Nakayama, Jens Niederhausen, Shin’ichi Machida, Yuki Uragami, Hiroumi Kinjo, Antje Vollmer, Jürgen P. Rabe, Norbert Koch, Hisao Ishii
    • Journal Title

      Organic Electronics

      Volume: in press Pages: xxx-xxx

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.orgel.2013.04.019

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Interfacial properties at the organic/metal interface probed using quantum-well states2012

    • Author(s)
      Meng-Kai Lin, Yasuo Nakayama, Chin-Yung Wang, Jer-Chia Hsu, Chih-Hao Pan, Shin-ichi Machida, Tun-Wen Pi, Hisao Ishii, S.-J. Tang
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review B

      Volume: 86(15) Pages: 155453-1~5

    • DOI

      10.1103/PhysRevB.86.155453

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Full Picture of Valence Band Structure of Rubrene Single Crystals Probed by Angle-Resolved and Excitation-Energy-Dependent Photoelectron Spectroscopy2012

    • Author(s)
      Yasuo Nakayama, Yuki Uragami, Shin'ichi Machida, Kaveenga Rasika Koswattage, Daisuke Yoshimura, Hiroyuki Setoyama, Toshihiro Okajima, Kazuhiko Mase, Hisao Ishii
    • Journal Title

      Applied Physics Express

      Volume: 5(11) Pages: 111601-1~3

    • DOI

      10.1143/APEX.5.111601

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Electronic structures at organic heterojunctions of N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamin (NPB)-based organic light emitting diodes2012

    • Author(s)
      Yasuo Nakayama, Shin'ichi Machida, Yukimasa Miyazaki, Tatsuhiko Nishi, Yutaka Noguchi, Hisao Ishii
    • Journal Title

      Organic Electronics

      Volume: 13(12) Pages: 2850-2855

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.orgel.2012.08.033

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Device Properties of Alq3-based Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Studied by Displacement Current Measurement2012

    • Author(s)
      Yutaka Noguchi, Takamitsu Tamura, Hyung Jun Kim, Hisao Ishii
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Photonics for Energy

      Volume: 2 Pages: 021214-1~13

    • DOI

      10.1117/1.JPE.2.021214

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Time-Of-Flight Technique to Examine Carrier Blocking Nature in Organic Light Emitting Diode2012

    • Author(s)
      Md. Mijanur Rahman, Naoki Ogawa, Yukimasa Miyazaki, Yasuo Nakayama, Yutaka Noguchi, Hisao Ishii
    • Journal Title

      e-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology

      Volume: 10 Pages: 315-320

    • DOI

      10.1380/ejssnt.2012.315

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Charge accumulation at organic semiconductor interfaces due to a permanent dipole moment and its orientational order in bilayer devices2012

    • Author(s)
      Yutaka Noguchi, Yukimasa Miyazaki, Yuya Tanaka, Naoki Sato, Yasuo Nakayama, Tobias D. Schmidt, Wolfgang Bruetting, Hisao Ishii
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Applied Physics

      Volume: 111(11) Pages: 114508-1~10

    • DOI

      10.1063/1.4724349

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Performance of Alq3-based Organic Light-Emitting Diode Fabricated under Light Irradiation2012

    • Author(s)
      Hyung Jun Kim, Takamitsu Tamura, Yasuo Nakayama, Yutaka Noguchi, Hisao Ishii
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology

      Volume: 25(2) Pages: 183-187

    • DOI

      10.2494/photopolymer.25.183

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Interface electronic structure of zinc-phthalocyanine on the silver thin-film quantum-well2012

    • Author(s)
      Yasuo Nakayama, Meng-Kai Lin, Chin-Yong Wan, Tun-Wen Pi, Hisao Ishii, S.-J. Tang
    • Journal Title

      e-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology

      Volume: 10 Pages: 149-152

    • DOI

      10.1380/ejssnt.2012.149

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Identification of different origins for s-shaped current voltage characteristics in planar heterojunction organic solar cells2012

    • Author(s)
      Julia Wagner, Mark Gruber, Andreas Wilke, Yuya Tanaka, Katharina Topczak, (他3名) Yasuo Nakayama, Hisao Ishii, Jens Pflaum, Norbert Koch, Wolfgang Bruetting
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Applied Physics

      Volume: 111 Pages: 054509-1~12

    • DOI

      10.1063/1.3692050

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Interface electronic structure between organic semiconductor film and electrode metal probed by photoelectron yield spectroscopy2012

    • Author(s)
      K. Kanai, M. Honda, H.Ishii, Y. Ouchi, K.Seki
    • Journal Title

      Organic Electronics

      Volume: 13 Pages: 309-319

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.orgel.2011.11.024

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 有機薄膜評価の最近の動向2012

    • Author(s)
      石井 久夫
    • Journal Title

      M&BE分科会誌

      Volume: 23(1) Pages: 5-10

  • [Journal Article] Probing buried organic layers in organic light-emitting diodes under operation by electric-fieldinduced doubly resonant sum-frequency generation spectroscopy2012

    • Author(s)
      T. Miyamae,N. Takada, T. Tsutsui
    • Journal Title

      Appl. Phys. Lett.

      Volume: 101 Pages: 073304

    • DOI

      10.1063/1.4746273

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] Very Low Density of Bulk and Interface States of Organic Materials Directly Investigated by High-Sensitivity Photoemission and Photoelectron Yield Spectroscopy2012

    • Author(s)
      H. Ishii
    • Organizer
      The 4th Asian Conference on Organci Electronics
    • Place of Presentation
      Yonezawa, Japan
    • Year and Date
      20121219-20121221
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Photoelectron Analysis of Organic/Metal Interfaces by Using Low Energy Photon2012

    • Author(s)
      Yusuke Ozawa, Shin’ichi Machida, Hiroumi Kinjo, Tatsuhiko Nishi, Yasuo Nakayama, Hisao Ishii
    • Organizer
      2012 MRS Fall Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      Boston, MA, USA
    • Year and Date
      20121125-20121130
  • [Presentation] Gap States of Small Molecules and Polymers Directly Observed by High-sensitivity Photoemission and Photoelectron Yield Spectroscopy2012

    • Author(s)
      Hisao Ishii, Shin-ichi Machida, Hiroumi Kinjo, Yusuke Ozawa, Tomoya Sato, Yutaka Noguchi, Yasuo Nakayama
    • Organizer
      2012 MRS Fall Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      Boston, USA
    • Year and Date
      20121125-20121130
  • [Presentation] High-Sensitivity Photoemission and Photoelectron Yield Spectroscopy of Organic Materials and their Interfaces: Direct Observation of Gap States2012

    • Author(s)
      H. Ishii, S. Machida, H. Kinjo, Y. Ozawa, Y. Noguchi and Y. Nakayama
    • Organizer
      Korea-Japan Joint Forum International Conference on Organic Materials for Electronics and Photonics 2012 (KJF2012)
    • Place of Presentation
      Sendai, Japan
    • Year and Date
      20120830-20120901
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] In situ measurement of displacement current measurement and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy to examine carrier injection property of organic-electrode interface2012

    • Author(s)
      Hisao Ishii, Taiki Yamada, Yusuke Ozawa, Shin-ichi Machida, Yukio Ouchi, Yasuo Nakayama, Yutaka Noguchi
    • Organizer
      2012 SPIE Optics+Photonics
    • Place of Presentation
      San Diego, USA
    • Year and Date
      20120812-20120816
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Energy Level Diagram to Understand Organic Light Emitting Diodes: Basics and Measurement2012

    • Author(s)
      Hisao Ishii
    • Organizer
      2012 Taiwan-Japan Forum for Solid State Lighting Technology
    • Place of Presentation
      Sitou, Taiwan
    • Year and Date
      20120706-20120707
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Intrinsic and extrinsic electronic structures of organic semiconductors studied by photoemission and photoelectron yield spectroscopy2012

    • Author(s)
      Hisao Ishii
    • Organizer
      Gordon Conference on Electronic Processes in Organic Materials Exploring the Fundamentals of Organic Electronics
    • Place of Presentation
      Barga, Italy
    • Year and Date
      20120603-20120608
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Alq3誘導体蒸着膜の逆極性の配向分極とデバイス特性

    • Author(s)
      H.S. Lim,宮崎 行正,磯島 隆史, 伊藤 英輔, 原 正彦, WheeWon Chin, Jinwook Han, Wolfgang Bruetting, 中山 泰生, 野口 裕, 石井 久夫
    • Organizer
      第60回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      神奈川工科大学
  • [Presentation] 高感度紫外光電子分光によるホール注入層/ITO界面の電子構造

    • Author(s)
      大澤 佑介,町田 真一, 中山 泰生, Jun Y. Kim, 安達 千波矢、 石井 久夫
    • Organizer
      第60回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      神奈川工科大学
  • [Presentation] 変位電流評価法を用いた3層有機EL素子の動作及び劣化機構の解析

    • Author(s)
      金 炯濬,野口 裕, 合志 憲一, 安達 千波矢, 石井 久夫
    • Organizer
      第60回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      神奈川工科大学
  • [Presentation] 光電子収量分光法及び角度分解光電子分光法によるペンタセン単結晶の電子構造観察

    • Author(s)
      浦上 裕希,町田 真一,山本 真之, Kaveenga Rasika Koswattage, 中山 泰生, 石井 久夫
    • Organizer
      第60回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      神奈川工科大学
  • [Presentation] 3端子容量-電圧測定で調べたペンタセン有機電界効果トランジスタのチャネル形成過程: Gradual Channel Approximationの検証

    • Author(s)
      田中 有弥,野口 裕、Wolfgang Bruetting, 石井 久夫
    • Organizer
      第60回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      神奈川工科大学
  • [Presentation] 3端子容量-電圧測定によるペンタセン電界効果トランジスタの劣化過程の観測

    • Author(s)
      山本 紘平,田中 有弥,野口 裕、石井 久夫
    • Organizer
      60回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      神奈川工科大学
  • [Presentation] 窒素下光電子収量分光によるデュレン結晶の電子構造観察

    • Author(s)
      金城拓海,R.K. Zoardar,中山泰生、石井 久夫
    • Organizer
      第60回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      神奈川工科大学
  • [Presentation] 誘電体分子の表面吸着に伴うAg超薄膜の量子化エネルギー変化

    • Author(s)
      中山泰生, Meng-Kai Lin, Chih-Hao Pan,Tun-Wen Pi,S.-J. Tang,石井 久夫
    • Organizer
      第60回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      神奈川工科大学
  • [Presentation] Intrinsic and Extrinsic Ionization Energy of Insulating Polymers Studied by High Sensitivity Photoelectron Yield Spectroscopy

    • Author(s)
      Tomoya Sato, Shin'ichi Machida, Yasuo Nakayama, and Hisao Ishii
    • Organizer
      Seventh international conference on molecular electronics and bioelectronics (M&BE7)
    • Place of Presentation
      Fukuoka (Japan)
  • [Presentation] Electronic structures of the pentacene single crystal and its hetero-interface

    • Author(s)
      Yasuo Nakayama, Yuki Uragami, Masayuki Yamamoto, Shin'ichi Machida, Kazuhiko Mase, Kaveenga Rasika Koswattage, and Hisao Ishii
    • Organizer
      Seventh international conference on molecular electronics and bioelectronics (M&BE7)
    • Place of Presentation
      Fukuoka (Japan)
  • [Presentation] Photoelectron Yield Spectroscopic Study on Electronic Structure of Volatile Organic Semiconductor Crystals

    • Author(s)
      Hiroumi Kinjo, Naoki Ogawa R. K. Zoardar, Yasuo Nakayama, Hisao Ishii
    • Organizer
      Seventh international conference on molecular electronics and bioelectronics (M&BE7)
    • Place of Presentation
      Fukuoka (Japan)
  • [Presentation] 汎用的な材料の電子構造評価手法としての光電子収量分光法

    • Author(s)
      中山泰生,佐藤友哉,金城拓海,宮内拓也,江澤拓,大澤佑介,山下剛,町田真一,野口裕,コスワッタゲ ラシカ,石井久夫
    • Organizer
      電子情報通信学会有機エレクトロニクス研究会
    • Place of Presentation
      産業技術研究所九州センター
  • [Presentation] 有機EL素子の界面特性

    • Author(s)
      野口 裕、中山泰生、石井久夫
    • Organizer
      高分子学会有機エレクトロニクスシンポジウム
    • Place of Presentation
      パシフィコ横浜
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Electronic investigation inside crystalline organic semiconductors: two-dimensional valence band structures, gap states, and buried interfaces

    • Author(s)
      Yasuo Nakayama, Shin’ichi Machida, Jens Niederhausen, Yuki Uragami, Hiroumi Kinjo, K. Rasika Koswattage, Kazuhiko Mase, Antje Vollmer, Juegen P. Rabe, Norbert Koch, Hisao Ishii
    • Organizer
      International Symposium on Organic Transistors and Functional Interfaces (OFET2012)
    • Place of Presentation
      Princeton, USA
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Photoemission Observation of Hetero-interfaces Formed onto the Rubrene Single Crystal as the Model Interfaces of an Organic Field Effect Transistor

    • Author(s)
      Yasuo Nakayama, Shin’ichi Machida, Jens Niederhausen, Hiroumi Kinjo, Yuli Uragami, Antje Vollmer, Norbert Koch, Hisao Ishii
    • Organizer
      The 2012 International Conference on Flexible and Printed Electronics (ICFPE2012)
    • Place of Presentation
      Tokyo, Japan
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Interface Charges in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: The Origin and Impacts on Device Properties

    • Author(s)
      Yutaka Noguchi, Yukimasa Miyazaki, Yuya Tanaka, Takamitsu Tamura, Kyung Jun Kim, Yasuo Nakayama, Wolfgang Bruetting, Hisao Ishii
    • Organizer
      Fifth International Conference on Optical, Optoelectronic and Photonic Materials and Applications (ICOOPMA2012)
    • Place of Presentation
      Nara, Japan
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 有機太陽電池の電子構造: 測定法から研究動向まで

    • Author(s)
      石井久夫
    • Organizer
      第9回日本写真学会光機能性材料セミナー
    • Place of Presentation
      東京
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] ルブレン単結晶およびその表面上に形成したヘテロ界面の価電子バンド構造の実測

    • Author(s)
      中山泰生,町田真一,Jens Niederhausen,浦上裕希,金城拓海,K. Rasika Koswattage, 間瀬 一彦,Antje Vollmer, Norbert Koch,石井久夫
    • Organizer
      第21回有機結晶シンポジウム
    • Place of Presentation
      東京工業大学
  • [Presentation] 高感度光電子収量分光法によるペンタセン単結晶及び蒸着膜の電子構造の観察

    • Author(s)
      浦上裕希,町田真一,Kaveenga Rasika Koswattage, 中山泰夫, 石井久夫
    • Organizer
      2012年秋季 第73回応用物理学会学術講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      愛媛大学
  • [Presentation] 光電子収量分光とケルビンプローブを用いたPET膜の電子構造観察

    • Author(s)
      佐藤友哉,町田真一,中山泰夫, 石井久夫
    • Organizer
      2012年秋季 第73回応用物理学会学術講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      愛媛大学
  • [Presentation] ルブレン単結晶上の金属-有機界面:成長様式と電子構造

    • Author(s)
      中山泰生,Jens Niederhausen,町田真一,金城拓海,浦上裕希,Antje Vollmer,Norbert Koch,石井久夫
    • Organizer
      2012年秋季 第73回応用物理学会学術講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      愛媛大学
  • [Presentation] Device properties of an Alq3-derivative-based OLED with unusual positive interface charge

    • Author(s)
      H.S. Lim, Y. Miyazaki, E. Ito, T. Isoshima, M. Hara, Wheewon Chin, Jinwook Han, Y. Nakayama, Y. Noguchi, H. Ishii
    • Organizer
      9th International Conference on Electroluminescence & Organic Optoelectronics (ICEL2012)
    • Place of Presentation
      Fukuoka, Japan
  • [Presentation] Electronic Structures of a Hole-Injection Layer/ITO Interface Studied by High-Sensitivity Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy

    • Author(s)
      Yusuke Ozawa, Shin’ichi Machida, Yasuo Nakayama, Jun Y. Kim, Chihaya Adachi, Hisao Ishii
    • Organizer
      9th International Conference on Electroluminescence & Organic Optoelectronics (ICEL2012)
    • Place of Presentation
      Fukuoka, Japan
  • [Presentation] Charge Accumulation and Device Performance of Alq3-Based Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Fabricated under Light Irradation

    • Author(s)
      Hyung Jun Kim, Takamitsu Tamura, Yutaka Noguchi, Hisao Ishii
    • Organizer
      9th International Conference on Electroluminescence & Organic Optoelectronics (ICEL2012)
    • Place of Presentation
      Fukuoka, Japan
  • [Presentation] Electronic Structures of Pentacene Film and Single Crystal Studied by High-Sensitivity Photoelectron Yield Spectroscopy

    • Author(s)
      Yuki Uragami, Shin'ichi Machida, Yasuo Nakayama, Hisao Ishii
    • Organizer
      International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM2012);
    • Place of Presentation
      Atlanta, USA
  • [Presentation] Metals and Insulating Molecules on the Rubrene Single Crystal Surface: Model Interfaces of an Organic Field Effect Transistor

    • Author(s)
      Yasuo Nakayama, Jens Niederhausen, Shin’ichi Machida, Hiroumi Kinjo, Yuli Uragami, Antje Vollmer, Norbert Koch, Hisao Ishii
    • Organizer
      5th International Symposium on Flexible Organic Electronics (ISFOE12)
    • Place of Presentation
      Thessaloniki, ギリシャ
  • [Presentation] Performance of Alq3-based Organic Light-Emitting Diode Fabricated under Light Irradiation

    • Author(s)
      Hyung Jun Kim, Takamitsu Tamura, Yasuo Nakayama, Yutaka Noguchi, Hisao Ishii
    • Organizer
      The 29th International Conference of Photopolymer Science and Technology (ICPST-29)
    • Place of Presentation
      Chiba, Japan
  • [Presentation] Alq3誘導体を用いた有機EL素子の分極特性 ; 置換基導入による極性反転の観測

    • Author(s)
      H.S. Lim,宮崎 行正,磯島 隆史, 伊藤 英輔, 原 正彦, WheeWon Chin, Jinwook Han, 野口 裕, 石井 久夫
    • Organizer
      第14回有機EL討論会
    • Place of Presentation
      ; 日本科学未来館, 東京
  • [Presentation] 光電子放出を利用した有機半導体の電子構造評価

    • Author(s)
      石井久夫
    • Organizer
      応用物理学会 有機分子・バイオエレクトロニクス分科会講習会 ~有機半導体分析技術の基礎~
    • Place of Presentation
      大阪
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 光電子分光法の基礎と有機材料への応用

    • Author(s)
      石井久夫
    • Organizer
      光化学応用講座
    • Place of Presentation
      東京
    • Invited
  • [Book] Physics of Organic Semiconductors (eds. by W. Bruetting and C. Adachi)の第5章2012

    • Author(s)
      Yutaka Noguchi, Yuya Tanaka, Yukimasa Miyazaki, Naoki Sato, Yasuo Nakayama, Hisao Ishii
    • Total Pages
      36ページ(書籍全体は634ページ)
    • Publisher
      Wiley-VCH
  • [Remarks] 千葉大学石井研究室

    • URL

      http://ishii-lab.cfs.chiba-u.ac.jp/pukiwiki/index.php?FrontPage

URL: 

Published: 2014-07-24  

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