| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000)
Fiscal Year 1996: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000)
Fiscal Year 1995: ¥1,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,900,000)
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| Research Abstract |
Static relative permittivities epsilon_r of water + acetone, + dimethylsulfoxide, + 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, and + 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone mixtures, etc have been measured over the whole mole-fraction range under pressures up to 300 MPa at 298.15 K.The results for epsilon_r as a function of pressure were fitted to the Tait-type cquation, and the parameters, A and B,were determined. Values of epsilon_r^<-2> (*epsilon_r/*P)_T at 0.1 MPa for the binary mixtures were evaluated from the epsilon_r-values at 0.1 MPa and the values of the parameters, and were compared among the mixtures. In addition, the high-pressure capacitance cell was newly designed and constructed for simultaneous measurements of static relative permittivity and density of fluids under high temperatures.
Hydrothermal reactions of alcohols, aldehydes, acids, and other organic compounds have been studied in the pressure range of 20 to 40 MPa at the temperatures 573-673 K,in order to understand their reactivity/stability in oxygen-free water. It was found that aldehydes produced the corresponding alcohols by the Cannizzaro reaction in the absence of base. Apparent first-order decomposition rate constants k_<app> of organic compounds have been determined and compared each other. Some kinetic parameters have been also determined. Values of k_<app> obtained for alcohols were smaller than those of the reactions in the presence of O_2, and the activation energies were also lower than those of the latter reactions. It is suggested from the observations that the present reactions proceed via ionic mechanism. The reaction mechanim for the decomposition of low molecular weight compounds in oxygen-free water has been discussed.
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