Analysis and application of regulatory genes controlling anthocyanin accumulation in rice

• Project/Area Number: 13660008
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Breeding science
• Research Institution: OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY
• Principal Investigator: SAKAMOTO Wataru Okayama University, Research Institute for Bioresources, Associate Professor, 資源生物科学研究所, 助教授 (20222002)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): FUKUOKA Hiroyuki National Agricultural Research Center of Western Region, Department of Crop Breeding, Senior Researcher, 作物開発部, 主任研究官 ; MURETA Minoru Okayama University, Research Institute for Bioresources, Professor, 資源生物科学研究所, 教授 (20166292)
• Project Period (FY): 2001 – 2002
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2002)
• Budget Amount: ¥3,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000); Fiscal Year 2002: ¥1,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,900,000); Fiscal Year 2001: ¥1,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000)
• Keywords: Anthocyanin / Oryza sativa / basic helix-loop-helix protein / Transgenic plant / Purple leaf / Purple leaf

Research Abstract

The Purple leaf (Pl) locus of rice (Oryza sativa L.) affects regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in various plant tissues. The tissue-specific patterns of anthocyanin pigmentation, together with the syntenic relationship, indicate that the rice Pl locus may play a role in the anthocyanin pathway similar to the maize R/B loci. We isolated two cDNAs OSB1 and OSB2 showing significant identity to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins found in the maize R gene family. Characterization of the corresponding genomic region revealed that the sequence identical to a 5'-portion of OSB2 existed 〜10-kb downstream of the OSB1 coding region. OSB2 lacks a conserved C-terminal domain. RFLP analyses using an F_2 population indicate that both genes co-segregate with the purple leaf phenotype. To examine if these cDNAs actually promote anthocyanin accumulation in vivo, we developed a transient complementation assay by which we showed that the anthocyanin pathway is inducible by OSB1 or OSB2. These results suggest that the Pl^w allele may be complex and composed of at least two genes encoding bHLH proteins.
We introduced OSB1 and OSB2 in rice plants under the control of a constitutive CaMV 35S promoter. The resulting trangenic plants showed anthocyanin accumulation in vegetative tissues. Further examination revealed that anthocyanin is also present in seed tissues, but it is limited to seed coat and pericarp and not accumulated in embryo and endosperm. It is postulated that other regulatory components may be required for inducing anthocyanin pathway in embryo and endosperm.
In addition to Purple leaf, there are other loci genetically known to control anthocyanin pigmentation in rice. An example is Activator (A) that has been suggested to correspond to DFR gene, based on the synteny between rice and maize genomes. To examine this, we employed our transient assay and showed that anthocyanin pigments were inducible when DFR was introduced together with OSB1 and OSB2. The result indicated that A encodes DFR.

Research Products

• [Publications] Sakamoto, W., Ohmori, T., Kageyama, K., Miyazaki, C., Saito, A., Murata M., Noda, K., Maekawa, M.: "The Purple leaf(P1) locus of rice : complex organization of the Plw allele wit the genes encoding basic helix-loop-helix proteins involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis"Plant and Cell Physiology. 42(10). 982-991 (2001)
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Publications] Sakamoto, W., Ohmori, T., Kageyama, K., Miyazaki, C., Saito, A., Murata, M., Noda, K., and Maekawa, M.: "The Purple leaf (Pl) locus of rice : complex organization of the Plw allele with the genes encoding basic helix-loop-helix proteins involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis"Plant and Cell Physiology. 42. 982-991 (2001)
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Publications] Sakamoto, W., Tamura, T., Hanba-Tomita, Y., Sodmergen, Murata M.: "The VAR1 locus of Arabidopsis encodes a chloroplastic FtsH and responsible for leaf variegation in the mutant alleles"Genes To Cells. 7. 769-780 (2002)
• [Publications] Sodmergen, Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Sakamoto, W., Kuroiwa T: "Reduction in amounts of mitochondrial DNA in the sperm cells as a mechanism for maternal inheritance in Hordeum vulgare"Planta. 216. 235-244 (2002)
• [Publications] Sakamoto, W., Ohmori, T., Kageyama K., Miyazaki, C., Saito, A., Murata, M., Noda, K., Maekawa, M.: "The Purple leaf (Pl) locus of rice : complex organization of the Plw allele wit the genes encoding basic helix-loop-helix proteins involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis"Plant and Cell Physiology. 42(10). 982-991 (2001)