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Clarification of precursory signatures of supercell tornadogenesis by using polarimetric radar and numerical simulations

Research Project

Project/Area Number 15K05295
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Research Field Meteorology/Physical oceanography/Hydrology
Research InstitutionJapan, Meteorological Research Institute

Principal Investigator

Mashiko Wataru  気象庁気象研究所, 予報研究部, 主任研究官 (30354476)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 南雲 信宏  気象庁気象研究所, 気象衛星・観測システム研究部, 研究官 (30624960)
Research Collaborator Yamauchi Hiroshi  
Project Period (FY) 2015-04-01 – 2019-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2018)
Budget Amount *help
¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥2,210,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥510,000)
Keywordsスーパーセル / 竜巻 / 突風 / 数値シミュレーション / 気象レーダー / 気象学 / 自然現象観測・予測 / 自然災害
Outline of Final Research Achievements

Generation mechanisms of the 6 May 2012 Tsukuba City supercell tornado were investigated by using polarimetric radar data and 50-m grid simulation results. The precipitation core at the tip of the hook-shaped distribution of hydrometeors in the supercell storm descended from above the 3-km level to the surface about 10 min prior to tornadogenesis. The descending precipitation core was tied to the baroclinic vorticity generation and the strong downdraft on the rear side of the storm, which later contributed directly to the tornadogenesis. This suggests that a descending precipitation core at the tip of the hook is a precursory phenomenon of supercell tornadogenesis and that detecting the precipitation core by rapid-scan radar may contribute to the improvement of tornado forecast in the feature.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

強い竜巻をしばしばもたらすスーパーセルの内部構造や竜巻の発生機構は十分に理解されておらず、竜巻発生予測の精度も極めて低いのが現状である。本研究では、二重偏波レーダーと高解像度の数値シミュレーションを用いた解析を行い、スーパーセルのフック状の降水物質の先端付近において降水コアが落下することが竜巻発生にとって重要であることを示した。また、その物理的メカニズムを明らかにしたことは、竜巻研究において重要な知見となった。2012年つくば竜巻の事例では、この降水コアの落下は竜巻発生の約10分前に生じており、今後竜巻発生予測を向上させる上で新たな知見を与えた。

Report

(5 results)
  • 2018 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2017 Research-status Report
  • 2016 Research-status Report
  • 2015 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (33 results)

All 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015

All Journal Article (11 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 5 results,  Open Access: 7 results,  Acknowledgement Compliant: 2 results) Presentation (22 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 7 results,  Invited: 2 results)

  • [Journal Article] A Statistical Study of Wind Gusts in Japan Using Surface Observations2019

    • Author(s)
      Mashiko, W.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II

      Volume: 97 Issue: 1 Pages: 39-54

    • DOI

      10.2151/jmsj.2019-001

    • NAID

      130007593948

    • ISSN
      0026-1165, 2186-9057
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Geometrical properties of hydrometeors during the refreezing process and their effects on dual-polarized radar signals2019

    • Author(s)
      Nagumo Nobuhiro、Adachi Ahoro、Yamauchi Hiroshi
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Weather Review

      Volume: 147 Issue: 5 Pages: 1753-1768

    • DOI

      10.1175/mwr-d-18-0278.1

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 2014年6月24日に東京都調布市付近に激しい降雹をもたらした雷雨の二重偏波解析2018

    • Author(s)
      山内洋,足立アホロ,小司禎教,佐藤英一
    • Journal Title

      気象研究ノート

      Volume: 236 Pages: 165-174

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 2013年7月23日孤立積乱雲発生に先立つ開封前線と非降水エコーの関係2018

    • Author(s)
      南雲信宏
    • Journal Title

      気象研究ノート

      Volume: 236 Pages: 97-107

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Super High-Resolution Simulation of the 6 May 2012 Tsukuba Supercell Tornado: Near-Surface Structure and Its Evolution2017

    • Author(s)
      Mashiko Wataru、Niino Hiroshi
    • Journal Title

      SOLA

      Volume: 13 Issue: 0 Pages: 135-139

    • DOI

      10.2151/sola.2017-025

    • NAID

      130005877984

    • ISSN
      1349-6476
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 竜巻の発生機構 特集「強風をもたらす様々な空間スケールの渦」2017

    • Author(s)
      益子渉
    • Journal Title

      日本風工学会誌

      Volume: 42 Pages: 31-38

    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] A numerical study of the 6 May 2012 Tsukuba City supercell tornado. Part II: Mechanisms of tornadogenesis2016

    • Author(s)
      Mashiko, W.
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Weather Review

      Volume: 144 Issue: 9 Pages: 3077-3098

    • DOI

      10.1175/mwr-d-15-0122.1

    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Acknowledgement Compliant
  • [Journal Article] 数値シミュレーションを用いた竜巻の発生機構に関する研究 2016年度春季大会シンポジウム「竜巻の観測・予測の現状と将来」の報告2016

    • Author(s)
      益子渉
    • Journal Title

      天気

      Volume: 63 Pages: 970-973

    • NAID

      40021055905

    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] A numerical study of the 6 May 2012 Tsukuba City supercell tornado. Part I: Vorticity sources of low-level and midlevel mesocyclones2016

    • Author(s)
      Mashiko, W.
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Weather Review

      Volume: 144 Issue: 3 Pages: 1069-1092

    • DOI

      10.1175/mwr-d-15-0123.1

    • Related Report
      2015 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Acknowledgement Compliant
  • [Journal Article] 台風に伴う竜巻の特徴2016

    • Author(s)
      益子渉
    • Journal Title

      台風研究会:複合系台風災害のメカニズムに関する研究集会

      Volume: 27K-03 Pages: 37-40

    • Related Report
      2015 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] 2015年8月12日につくば市で観測されたメソサイクロンに伴うWall Cloud2015

    • Author(s)
      荒木健太郎,益子渉,加藤輝之,南雲信宏
    • Journal Title

      天気

      Volume: 62 Pages: 953-957

    • NAID

      110010008353

    • Related Report
      2015 Research-status Report
    • Open Access
  • [Presentation] 全国の気象官署の地上データを用いた突風の統計解析2019

    • Author(s)
      益子渉
    • Organizer
      東京工芸大学風工学研究拠点共同研究・合同公開研究会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 高解像度モデルを用いた Updraft Helicity の日本で発生する竜巻への適用2018

    • Author(s)
      益子渉
    • Organizer
      2018年日本気象学会春季大会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 二重偏波レーダーで観測された竜巻・非竜巻事例のフックエコーの比較2018

    • Author(s)
      南雲信宏, 益子渉, 山内洋, 足立アホロ
    • Organizer
      2018年日本気象学会春季大会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 高解像度モデルを用いた竜巻等突風の発生予測2018

    • Author(s)
      益子渉
    • Organizer
      ポスト「京」第2回 竜巻研究会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 2018年台風第6号の接近に伴い沖縄県伊江島で発生した竜巻の発生過程2018

    • Author(s)
      益子渉
    • Organizer
      2018年日本気象学会秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 2015年台風第15号のコア域の風構造2018

    • Author(s)
      益子渉
    • Organizer
      2018年日本気象学会秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Wind Gusts Associated with Small-Scale Vortices in the Core of Typhoon GONI (2015)2018

    • Author(s)
      Mashiko, W.
    • Organizer
      29th Conference on Severe Local Storms, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 凍雨の地上観測に基づく二重偏波レーダーによる凍結域・非凍結域の調査2018

    • Author(s)
      南雲信宏、足立アホロ、山内洋
    • Organizer
      2018年日本気象学会秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 地上気象データを用いた突風の統計解析2018

    • Author(s)
      益子 渉
    • Organizer
      風工学共同研究拠点・公開研究会「日本版竜巻スケールおよびその評価手法に関する研究」
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Super high-resolution simulation of the 6 May 2012 Tsukuba supercell tornado2018

    • Author(s)
      Mashiko, W. and N. Niino
    • Organizer
      International Workshop on Wind-related Disasters and Mitigation Committee of WRDM
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 地上気象データを用いた突風の統計解析2017

    • Author(s)
      益子 渉
    • Organizer
      2017年気象学会春季大会
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 地上気象データを用いた突風の統計解析(第2報)2017

    • Author(s)
      益子 渉
    • Organizer
      2017年気象学会秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Super High-resolution Simulation of the 6 May 2012 Tsukuba Supercell Tornado2017

    • Author(s)
      Mashiko, W.
    • Organizer
      AORI-ISAC Workshop on Tornadoes and Supercells in Japan and Italy
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Precipitation microphysics of non-tornadic supercell near the radar site of MRI in Tsukuba, Japan2017

    • Author(s)
      Nagumo, N., A. Adachi, W. Mashiko, and H. Yamauchi
    • Organizer
      38th Conference on Radar Meteorology AMS
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 二重偏波レーダーで観測された再凍結層の特徴-第3報:降水粒子の再凍結時のZDR増加の原因と考察2017

    • Author(s)
      南雲信宏, 足立アホロ, 山内洋
    • Organizer
      2017年気象学会秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] A statistical study of wind gusts in Japan using in situ surface observations2017

    • Author(s)
      Mashiko, W.
    • Organizer
      97th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      米国シアトルワシントンコンベンションセンター
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Super high-resolution simulation of tornado-vortex structure2017

    • Author(s)
      Mashiko, W.
    • Organizer
      97th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      米国シアトルワシントンコンベンションセンター
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 数値シミュレーションを用いた竜巻の発生機構に関する研究2016

    • Author(s)
      益子渉
    • Organizer
      2016年気象学会春季大会シンポジウム「竜巻の観測・予測の現状と将来」
    • Place of Presentation
      国立オリンピック記念青少年総合センター
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Numerical simulation of the 6 May 2012 Tsukuba City supercell tornado2016

    • Author(s)
      Mashiko, W.
    • Organizer
      AORI-ISAC Workshop on Tornadoes and Supercells in Japan and Italy
    • Place of Presentation
      東大AORI
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 気象分野における竜巻の数値シミュレーション2015

    • Author(s)
      益子渉
    • Organizer
      日本建築学会「建築物の突風荷重に関する公開研究会」
    • Place of Presentation
      建築会館(東京)
    • Year and Date
      2015-11-20
    • Related Report
      2015 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 台風に伴う竜巻の特徴2015

    • Author(s)
      益子渉
    • Organizer
      平成 27 年度京都大学防災研究所共同研究集会
    • Place of Presentation
      京都大学防災研究所
    • Year and Date
      2015-10-31
    • Related Report
      2015 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 2013年台風第18号に伴って発生したミニスーパーセルの構造2015

    • Author(s)
      益子渉,山内洋,南雲信宏
    • Organizer
      2015年気象学会秋季大会
    • Place of Presentation
      京都テルサ
    • Year and Date
      2015-10-30
    • Related Report
      2015 Research-status Report

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Published: 2015-04-16   Modified: 2020-03-30  

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