| Budget Amount *help |
¥18,980,000 (Direct Cost: ¥14,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,380,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥4,810,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,110,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥5,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,200,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This research project aimed to understand the development of the ancient Andean civilization from the viewpoint of social change. We conducted a series of field surveys at the Pacopampa site in the northern highlands of Peru. Unearthed human and animal skeletal remains were studied using physical anthropological, zooarcheological, and earth science’ methodologies. This project revealed the actual condition of the repeated ritual violence and feasting in the temple from 1,800 BC to 500 BC. We consider that these practices contributed the social integration. It was also confirmed that llamas (Lama glama) had started to be raised near the site and that the introduction of livestock became a turning point that significantly changed the relationship between humans and animals. We concluded that these phenomena had been closely related to the emergence of elite hierarchy and the progress of inequality in the ancient Andean society.
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