| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
In this research project, I have conducted a comprehensive cognitive linguistic analysis of indirect directive constructions in English, with a special focus on frequent verbs and their uses. The main findings include: (i)There are commonalities as well as differences between indirect directive constructions as a whole and the imperative regarding frequent verbs. The verb TELL, for example. is generally frequent in both indirect directives and the imperative whereas LET is frequent only in the imperative; (ii) While different indirect directive constructions tend to have different sets of frequent verbs, systematic differences can be discerned between request constructions (such as CAN YOU VP?) and suggestion constructions (such as WHY DON'T YOU VP?). (iii)All these findings provide support for the present researcher's earlier hypothesis that "The greater the cost and the lower the obligation the longer and more tentative a directive expression becomes."(Takahashi 2012).
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