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Empirical study on the Iron Production of the Early Iron Age in the Area of Altai Extending over Four Countries

Research Project

Project/Area Number 17H01646
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section海外学術
Research Field Archaeology
Research InstitutionEhime University

Principal Investigator

MURAKAMI YASUYUKI  愛媛大学, アジア古代産業考古学研究センター, 教授 (40239504)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 臼杵 勲  札幌学院大学, 人文学部, 教授 (80211770)
丹羽 崇史  独立行政法人国立文化財機構奈良文化財研究所, 都城発掘調査部, 主任研究員 (40455564)
槙林 啓介  愛媛大学, アジア古代産業考古学研究センター, 准教授 (50403621)
松本 圭太  九州大学, 人文科学研究院, 助教 (00726549)
荒 友里子  愛媛大学, アジア古代産業考古学研究センター, 研究員 (90783853)
Project Period (FY) 2017-04-01 – 2022-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help
¥42,380,000 (Direct Cost: ¥32,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥9,780,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥7,930,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,830,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥8,060,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,860,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥8,320,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,920,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥8,450,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,950,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥9,620,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,220,000)
Keywords4カ国アルタイ地域 / 製鉄 / 遊牧社会 / 森林資源 / 鉱産資源 / 技術伝播 / 地域差 / 変容 / アルタイ / 鉄生産 / 遊牧・騎馬民族 / 4カ国 / 初期鉄器時代 / 製鉄炉 / 遊牧民族社会 / 鉄鉱山 / 考古学
Outline of Final Research Achievements

This study has allowed us to clarify the iron smelting furnaces and its technology in the Altai region during the Xiongnu, Xianbei and Juyan periods of Chinese history. It is clear that smelting furnaces became larger in size and changed in form and it is understood that the increase in production capacity was measured. The study also shows that there were regional differences within the Altai region and that there were main streams and side streams in the transmission of technology. The fact that the ancient nomadic societies that settled in the Altai region did not obtain iron from external societies by means of plunder and trade, but were self-sufficient in iron themselves, is considered to be an extremely important result for research into the history of nomadic societies.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

アルタイ地域における匈奴~柔然にいたる製鉄炉および製鉄技術が明らかとなり、ユーラシア大陸の古代製鉄史研究におけるその意義は大きい。また古代遊牧社会の生活基盤に安定した鉄の生産があったことを明示することができ、古代遊牧社会研究に対しても新たな評価を迫るものとなろう。アルタイ地域の製鉄はモンゴルを横断して中国東北部にもおよんでいる可能性があり、鉄を介した東アジア古代史との接点も今後の研究の展開に大きな影響を与えるであろう。本研究成果の一部はNHKスペシャルでも国内外に放映され、市民の遊牧社会あるいは鉄の歴史に対する知的欲求も満たしえたのではないかと考える。

Report

(6 results)
  • 2022 Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • 2019 Annual Research Report
  • 2018 Annual Research Report
  • 2017 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (57 results)

All 2023 2020 2019 2018 2017 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (18 results) Journal Article (10 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 4 results,  Peer Reviewed: 4 results,  Open Access: 1 results) Presentation (25 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 11 results,  Invited: 6 results) Book (2 results) Remarks (2 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] カザフ国立大学(カザフスタン)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] モンゴル科学アカデミー考古学研究所/ウランバートル大学(モンゴル)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] モンゴル国立考古学研究所/ウランバートル大学(モンゴル)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ハルキウ大学(ウクライナ)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] モンゴル科学アカデミー考古学研究所(モンゴル)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] カザフ国立大学(その他の国・地域)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] 四川大学/雲南省文物考古研究所(中国)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ロシア科学アカデミー考古学研究所・シベリア支部(ロシア連邦)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ロシア科学アカデミー考古学研究所・シベリア支部(ロシア連邦)

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] モンゴル科学アカデミー・歴史・考古学研究所(モンゴル)

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] カザフ国立大学(カザフスタン)

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] 四川大学/成都博物院/雲南省文物考古研究所(中国)

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ハカシア国立歴史・言語・民族研究所(ハカシア共和国)

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research]

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ハカス共和国国立言語・文学・歴史研究所/ロシア科学アカデミー考古学研究所シベリア支部/国立ゴルノ・アルタイ大学(ロシア連邦)

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] 国立カザフ大学/国立カラガンダ大学(カザフスタン)

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] モンゴル科学アカデミー考古学研究所(モンゴル)

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] 四川大学歴史文化学院/雲南省文物考古研究所/新疆ウイグル自治区文物考古研究所(中国)

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 蝶形金具再考2020

    • Author(s)
      松本圭太
    • Journal Title

      第21回北アジア調査研究報告会要旨集

      Volume: 21 Pages: 86-89

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Изчение памятникои черной металлургии на Алтае в 2017году2019

    • Author(s)
      Я.Мураками,И.Е.Соенов,С.В.Трифанова,А.В.Эбель,Е.С.Богданов,А.И.Соловьев
    • Journal Title

      Вестник Томского Государственного Университета, История

      Volume: 60 Pages: 167-174

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Microstructural and elemental analyses of the slags excavated from the Xuxiebian iron smelting site, Sichuan, China2019

    • Author(s)
      Li Yuniu, Ma Chunyan, Murakami Yasuyuki, Zhou Zhiqing, Yang Yingdong,Li Yingfu
    • Journal Title

      Archaeometry

      Volume: 61-6 Pages: 1353-1365

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Cast-iron smelting and fining: An iron smelting site of the Eastern Han dynasty at Xuxiebian, Sichuan, China2019

    • Author(s)
      Li Yuniu, Ma Chunyan, Juleff Gillian, Murakami Yasuyuki, Zhou Zhiqing,Li Yingfu
    • Journal Title

      Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies

      Volume: 19-1 Pages: 91-111

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Исследование сыродутых печей около Ьалыкутюль(Республика Алтай) в 2018году2019

    • Author(s)
      Е.С.Богданов,Я.Мураками,А.И.Соловьев,А.ЕГришин,Е.А.Соловьева,И.С.Гнездилова
    • Journal Title

      Проблемы археологииэтнографии Сибири и сопредельныч территорий

      Volume: 24 Pages: 224-228

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] 草原地帯における青銅武器の発達2019

    • Author(s)
      松本圭太
    • Journal Title

      アジア遊学

      Volume: 238 Pages: 171-180

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 大興安嶺からアルタイ山脈2019

    • Author(s)
      中村大介・松本圭太
    • Journal Title

      アジア遊学

      Volume: 238 Pages: 79-90

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Studies of the Furnaces near Balyktuyul Village(Altai Republic) in 20182018

    • Author(s)
      E.S.Bogdanov, Ya.Murakami, A.I.Solovyev, A.E.Grishin, E.A.Solovyeva, I,C.Gnezdilova
    • Journal Title

      Problem of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories

      Volume: 24 Pages: 224-228

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 製鉄の起源と技術の東方波及2017

    • Author(s)
      村上恭通
    • Journal Title

      ふぇらむ

      Volume: 22 Pages: 681-687

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Карасукские боевые топоры и клевцы2017

    • Author(s)
      Мацумото Кэйта
    • Journal Title

      Научное обозрение Саяно-Алтая

      Volume: 17-1 Pages: 3-11

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] モンゴル・ウブス県グング製鉄遺跡第4次調査成果2023

    • Author(s)
      Ch.アマルトゥブシン、L.イシツェレン、村上恭通、鄭宗鎬、松澤樹生、Samy Bouzouren、臼杵勲、栗林誠治、N.アミタン
    • Organizer
      第22回北アジア調査研究報告会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] グング川上流域における遺跡群のドローン調査成果2023

    • Author(s)
      Ch.アマルトゥブシン、L.イシツェレン、村上恭通、鄭宗鎬、松澤樹生、Samy Bouzouren、臼杵勲、栗林誠治、N.アミタン
    • Organizer
      第22回北アジア調査研究報告会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] モンゴルGung 遺跡発掘調査成果2020

    • Author(s)
      Ch.アマルトゥブシン・L.イシツェレン・G.ガルダン・N.アミタン・B.ガーバル・ 村上恭通・栗林誠治
    • Organizer
      第21 回北アジア調査 研究会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Монголчуудын yйлдвэрлэлийн тyyх тeслийн 2019-оны малтлага судалгааны урьдчилсан yр дyнгээс, Монголын2019

    • Author(s)
      Ч.Амартyвшин, Л.Ишцэрэн, Г.Галдан, Я.Мyраками, Т.Сасада, И.Yucykи,K.Шоожи,К.Кияма,М.Сагава,Т.Янагимото,О.Хонзава,С.Кyрибаяши,Н.Хигаши
    • Organizer
      Монголын археологи-2019
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Монгол-Японы хамтарсан Эртний Монголчуудын yйлдвэрлэлийн тyyх тoceр Говь-Алтай, Баян-Oлгий, Увс,Архангай, Хэнтий аймгийн нутагт хийсэн хайгуулын yр дyн2019

    • Author(s)
      Ч.Амартyвшин, Я.Мyраками, Л.Ишцэрэн, Н.Амитан,Т.Цоодол.
    • Organizer
      Монголын археологи-2019
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Progress of the Iron production in the Ancient Nomadic Society in the Altai Region2019

    • Author(s)
      Yasuyuki Murakami
    • Organizer
      国際研討会中国西南与東南南亜冶金技術的起源与伝播、四川大学歴史文化研究所・四川大学文物考古研究所(キョウライ、四川)、2019 年11 月15 日
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Evolution of the Nomadic Iron Smelting in the Altai Region2019

    • Author(s)
      Yasuyuki Murakami
    • Organizer
      Archaeometallurgy in Europe 2019
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 前1千年紀の草原地帯東部における青銅刀子の動態2019

    • Author(s)
      松本圭太
    • Organizer
      草原考古研究会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 前1千年紀における北方系刀子の分類とその成分に関する予察2019

    • Author(s)
      松本圭太
    • Organizer
      日本中国考古学会大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 2.前1千年紀のモンゴリアにみられる青銅器製作技法の変化について2019

    • Author(s)
      松本圭太
    • Organizer
      九州史学会大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Issues on Nomadic Iron Smelting in the Altai region2019

    • Author(s)
      Yasuyuki Murakami
    • Organizer
      Metodological seminar of the Paleometal archaeology
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] History of Metallurgy in Japan-the Metod "Tatara"2018

    • Author(s)
      Yasuyuki Murakami
    • Organizer
      Tatarstan-Japan: History and Prospect of Relationship
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Iron Production of Ancient Nomadic Society in North Asia2018

    • Author(s)
      Yasuyuki Murakami
    • Organizer
      Karaganda Museum International Conference
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Iron Production of Ancient Nomadic Society in the Eurasian Steppe region2018

    • Author(s)
      Yasuyuki Murakami
    • Organizer
      最新東北アジア古代製鉄遺跡の発掘成果とその意義(韓国語)
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] ロシア・アルタイ共和国ウラガン州コBalyktuyul遺跡における製鉄炉の調査成果2018

    • Author(s)
      村上恭通・臼杵勲・菊地芳朗・鈴木一有・品川愛・栗林誠司・E.Bogdanov・Alexander Solovyev・Elena Solovyeva
    • Organizer
      第20回 北アジア調査研究会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] モンゴル・アルタイ地方における匈奴~柔然の製鉄遺跡発掘調査概要2018

    • Author(s)
      Ch.アマルトゥブシン・L.イシツェレン・G.ガルダン・N.アミタン・B.ガーバル・丹羽崇史・鄭宗鎬・村上恭通
    • Organizer
      第20回 北アジア調査研究会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] アルタイ地方における匈奴以降の製鉄技術発展史2018

    • Author(s)
      村上恭通
    • Organizer
      第20回 北アジア調査研究会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Diversity or uniformity in the Eurasian Steppes in the beginning of the Early Nomadic Cultures2018

    • Author(s)
      Keita Matsumoto
    • Organizer
      Материалы в международной научной крнференции ; Народы и культуры СаяноАлтая и сопредельных территорий-
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] The emergence of 'the Early Nomadic Culture' in the Eurasian Steppes2018

    • Author(s)
      Keita Matsumoto
    • Organizer
      Eighth Worldwide Conference of the SEAA
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 前1千紀的草原地帯東部和中国初期鉄器2018

    • Author(s)
      松本圭太
    • Organizer
      中日考古学論壇
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] モンゴル国北部、南部における青銅器調査2018

    • Author(s)
      松本圭太
    • Organizer
      日本中国考古学会九州部会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Inscription of iron sword from Cheremukhovaya pad' cemetery2018

    • Author(s)
      Usuki Isao、Konovalov,P.B
    • Organizer
      Actual Problems of Archaeology and Ethnology of Central Asia
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Development Process to the Japanese Traditional Iron Smelting TATARA2017

    • Author(s)
      Yasuyuki Murakami
    • Organizer
      Iron in Archaeologt, Prague 2017
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Ancient Nonads and Iron in the Altai Region2017

    • Author(s)
      Yasuyuki Murakami
    • Organizer
      四川大学歴史文化学部碩学講演会
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 欧亜草原地帯的早期冶鉄和游牧社会-从考古学的視座-2017

    • Author(s)
      村上恭通
    • Organizer
      从中亜到南亜・全球視野下的冶金考古発現与研究
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Book] トゥブ県ムングンモリト郡ズーン・バイトラグ河流域;モンゴル・日本共同プロジェクト2018

    • Author(s)
      Ch>Amartuvshin, G.Eregzen, L.Ishtseren, G.Galdan,村上恭通、笹田朋孝、臼杵勲、佐川正敏、ほか
    • Total Pages
      70
    • Publisher
      モンゴル・科学アカデミー歴史・考古学研究所
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] ユーラシア草原地帯の青銅器時代2018

    • Author(s)
      松本圭太
    • Total Pages
      368
    • Publisher
      九州大学出版会
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] アジア古代産業考古学研究センター

    • URL

      http://www.ccr.ehime-u.ac.jp/aic/

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] 愛媛大学東アジア古代鉄文化研究センター

    • URL

      http://www.ccr.ehime-u.ac.jp/aic/

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report

URL: 

Published: 2017-04-28   Modified: 2024-01-30  

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