Systematization of electromagnetic security engineering countermeasure against fault-injection attacks caused by intentional electromagnetic interference

• Project/Area Number: 17H01751
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Information security
• Research Institution: Tohoku University
• Principal Investigator: Sone Hideaki 東北大学, データシナジー創生機構, 特任教授 (40134019)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 林 優一 奈良先端科学技術大学院大学, 先端科学技術研究科, 教授 (60551918) ; 水木 敬明 東北大学, サイバーサイエンスセンター, 准教授 (90323089)
• Project Period (FY): 2017-04-01 – 2021-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
• Budget Amount: ¥18,720,000 (Direct Cost: ¥14,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,320,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥3,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥900,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥3,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥870,000); Fiscal Year 2018: ¥5,070,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,170,000); Fiscal Year 2017: ¥5,980,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,380,000)
• Keywords: 情報システム / 情報セキュリティ / 電子デバイス・機器 / 暗号・認証等 / 耐タンパー技術 / 電磁情報セキュリティ / ハードウェアセキュリティ

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Problems on countermeasures against intentional electromagnetic interference on information communication equipment are discussed.
Analysis of output from an FPGA under IEMI attack gave an idea of risk assessment on attack timing to cause failure. Also a method to measure waveforms under IEMI failure for tolerance evaluation and effect of amplitude resolution of the waveform were proposed. Based on analysis on mechanism of electromagnetic interference, a new method to evaluate the risk of secret key analysis by determining the time of failure injection on processing of a cryptographic equipment. Also an design of binary image which can suppress image information leakage by electromagnetic radiation.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

情報通信機器への意図的な電磁妨害(IEMI)のうち電力電磁環境と比べ3桁ほど小さい数V程度の意図的な電磁妨害による電磁的情報セキュリティの分野は本課題のチームが創って国内外で研究活動を先導している。暗号機器に非侵襲に一時的な故障を注入し、その誤り出力から暗号化の秘密鍵情報を取得できる。すなわち、機器の可用性は損なわず、機密性・完全性のみを低下させる脅威である。
本課題では、FPGAなどの暗号機器へのIEMI攻撃について妨害受容特性とメカニズムに迫ったもので、リスク評価と妨害特性評価の手法を示し、評価測定の方法を提案しており、電磁的情報セキュリティ対策に意義深い。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Design of Quick Response (QR) Barcode for Resistance Against Electromagnetic (EM) Information Leakage (2022)
  • Author(s): Hideaki Sone, Daiya Nagata, Yuichi Hayashi, and Takaaki Mizuki
  • Journal Title: URSI Radio Science Letters Volume: 3 Pages: 1-4
  • DOI: 10.46620/21-0053
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Design of Suitable Controlled Image for Evaluation of EM Information Leakage (2021)
  • Author(s): D. Nagata, R. Birukawa, Y. Hayashi, T. Mizuki, H. Sone
  • Journal Title: URSI Radio Science Letters Volume: 2 Pages: 1-4
  • DOI: 10.46620/20-0054
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Information Leakage Threats for Cryptographic Devices Using IEMI and EM Emission (2017)
  • Author(s): Ko Nakamura, Yuichi Hayashi, Takaaki Mizuki, Hideaki Sone
  • Journal Title: IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility Volume: 印刷中 Issue: 5 Pages: 1-8
  • DOI: 10.1109/temc.2017.2766139
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] Information Protection of Screen Image against Electromagnetic Information Leakage (2022)
  • Author(s): Hideaki Sone, Yuichi Hayashi
  • Organizer: 2022 URSI-Japan Radio Science Meeting (URSI-JRSM 2022)
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] IEMI Fault Injection Method Using Continuous Sinusoidal Wave with Controlled Frequency, Amplitude, and Phase (2022)
  • Author(s): Hikaru Nishiyama, Daisuke Fujimoto, Kim Youngwoo, Hideaki Sone, Yu-ichi Hayashi
  • Organizer: The 13th International Workshop on the Electromagnetic Compatibility of Integrated Circuits (EMC Compo 2021)
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Study on Measurement Resolution of Side-Channel Waveform in Correlation Power Analysis (2021)
  • Author(s): Hideaki Sone; Kohei Utsumi; Yuichi Hayashi; Takaaki Mizuki
  • Organizer: 2021 Asia Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility 2021 (APEMC 2021)
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] QR Bar-Code Designed Resistant against EM Information Leakage (2021)
  • Author(s): Nagata Daiya, Hayashi Yu-ichi, Mizuki Takaaki, Sone Hideaki
  • Organizer: 2021 XXXIVth General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI GASS)
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Fundamental Study on Measurement Resolution of Side Channel Waveform in Correlation Power Analysis (2020)
  • Author(s): Kohei Utsumi, Yu-ichi Hayashi, Takaaki Mizuki, Hideaki Sone
  • Organizer: EMC Europe 2020 - 2020 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Measurement on Effect of Controlled Wave Phase in EM Fault Injection Attack (2020)
  • Author(s): Yuto Shinoda, Mitsuki Takenouchi, Yu-ichi Hayashi, Takaaki Mizuki, and Hideaki Sone
  • Organizer: EMC Europe 2020 - 2020 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The Source Estimation of Electromagnetic Information Leakage from Information Devices (2020)
  • Author(s): Ryota Birukawa; Daiya Nagata; Yu-ichi Hayashi; Takaaki Mizuki; Hideaki Sone
  • Organizer: 2020 XXXIIIrd General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 暗号ハードウェアにおける意図的な電磁妨害による故障発生に関する研究 (2020)
  • Author(s): 竹之内 光樹，林優一，水木敬明，曽根秀昭
  • Organizer: IEEE EMC Society Sendai Chapter 学生研究発表会
• [Presentation] 画面情報の制御による情報機器からの電磁情報漏えいの効率的評価に関する研究 (2020)
  • Author(s): 尾留川 良太，林優一，水木敬明，曽根秀昭
  • Organizer: IEEE EMC Society Sendai Chapter 学生研究発表会
• [Presentation] 漏えい電磁波からの画面再構成に関する検討 (2020)
  • Author(s): 神津 岳志，林優一，水木敬明，曽根秀昭
  • Organizer: IEEE EMC Society Sendai Chapter 学生研究発表会
• [Presentation] A Practical Evaluation Method for EM Information Leakage by Using Audible Signal (2019)
  • Author(s): Birukawa, Ryota, Mizuki, Takaaki, Sone, Hideaki, Hayashi, Yuichi
  • Organizer: 2019 Joint International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility and Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Sapporo (EMC Sapporo & APEMC 2019)
• [Presentation] Study on the Influence of Contact Surfaces Roughness on High-Frequency Signal Transmission Characteristics (2019)
  • Author(s): Aihara, Kenji, Hayashi, Yuichi, Mizuki, Takaaki, Sone, Hideaki
  • Organizer: 2019 Joint International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility and Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Sapporo (EMC Sapporo & APEMC 2019)
• [Presentation] A Method for Distinguishing Faulty Bytes in Cryptographic Device Using EM Information Leakage (2019)
  • Author(s): Takenouchi, Mitsuki, Saga, Naoto, Hayashi, Yuichi, Mizuki, Takaaki, Sone, Hideaki
  • Organizer: 2019 Joint International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility and Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Sapporo (EMC Sapporo & APEMC 2019)
• [Presentation] A study on an Effective Evaluation Method for EM Information Leakage without Reconstructing Screen (2019)
  • Author(s): Ryota Birukawa, Yu-ichi Hayashi, Takaaki Mizuki, Hideaki Sone
  • Organizer: 2019 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE
• [Presentation] サイドチャネル波形の計測分解能が相関電力解析に与える影響 (2019)
  • Author(s): 内海航平，林優一, 水木敬明，曽根秀昭
  • Organizer: 計測自動制御学会東北支部55周年記念学術講演会
• [Presentation] 印加位相を考慮した意図的電磁妨害による故障注入手法に関する検討 (2019)
  • Author(s): 竹之内光樹，篠田悠斗，林優一，水木敬明，曽根秀昭
  • Organizer: 計測自動制御学会東北支部55周年記念学術講演会
• [Presentation] A Study on an Efficient Evaluation Method for EM Information Leakage by Changing Display Color (from SCIS 2019) (2019)
  • Author(s): Ryota Birukawa, Yu-ichi Hayashi, Takaaki Mizuki, Hideaki Sone
  • Organizer: The 14th International Workshop on Security (IWSEC 2019)
  • Invited
• [Presentation] サイドチャネル波形の計測分解能が秘密鍵の取得性に与える影響 (2019)
  • Author(s): 内海航平，林 優一，水木敬明，曽根秀昭
  • Organizer: 2019年電子情報通信学会ソサイエティ大会
• [Presentation] サイドチャネル波形の計測分解能が秘密鍵の取得性に与える影響の測定 (2019)
  • Author(s): 内海航平, 林 優一, 水木敬明, 曽根秀昭
  • Organizer: 電子情報通信学会環境電磁工学研究会
• [Presentation] 表示色の操作によるディスプレイからの電磁的情報漏えいの効率的な評価に関する検討 (2019)
  • Author(s): 尾留川良太, 林優一, 水木敬明, 曽根秀昭
  • Organizer: 2019年暗号と情報セキュリティシンポジウム(SCIS2019)
• [Presentation] Study on the effect of clock rise time on fault occurrence under IEMI (2018)
  • Author(s): Naoto Saga, Takuya Itoh, Yu-ichi Hayashi, Takaaki Mizuki, Hideaki Sone
  • Organizer: 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility and 2018 IEEE Asia-PacificSymposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC/APEMC)
• [Presentation] A study on an evaluation method for EM information leakage utilizing controlled image displaying (2018)
  • Author(s): Ryota Birukawa, Gentaro Tanabe, Yu-ichi Hayashi, Takaaki Mizuki, Hideaki Sone
  • Organizer: 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility and 2018 IEEE Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC/APEMC)
• [Presentation] 接触部の荷重が信号伝達特性に与える影響の測定法に関する検討 (2018)
  • Author(s): 相原 健志, 林 優一, 水木 敬明, 曽根 秀昭
  • Organizer: 電子情報通信学会環境電磁工学研究会
• [Presentation] 意図的な電磁妨害による故障発生に印加位相が与える影響に関する検討 (2018)
  • Author(s): 竹之内光樹，林 優一，水木敬明，曽根秀昭
  • Organizer: 電子情報通信学会2018年ソサイエティ大会
• [Presentation] 接触表面粗さが高周波伝達特性に与える影響に関する基礎的検討 (2018)
  • Author(s): 相原健志，林 優一，水木敬明，曽根秀昭
  • Organizer: 電子情報通信学会2018年ソサイエティ大会
• [Presentation] Study on the Effect of Surface Condition on High-Frequency Transmission Characteristics (2018)
  • Author(s): Kenji Aihara, Yu-ichi Hayashi, Takaaki Mizuki and Hideaki Sone
  • Organizer: 電子情報通信学会機構デバイス研究会(IS-EMD2018)
• [Presentation] A Specification Method of Faulty Bytes in Cryptographic Module Using EM Information Leakage (2018)
  • Author(s): Naoto Saga, Yu-ichi Hayashi, Takaaki Mizuki and Hideaki Sone
  • Organizer: 電子情報通信学会環境電磁工学研究会（EMCJWS2018）
• [Presentation] Influence of IEMI considering injected signal phase on faulty outputs in a cryptographic module (2018)
  • Author(s): Mitsuki Takenouchi, Yu-ichi Hayashi, Takaaki Mizuki and Hideaki Sone
  • Organizer: 電子情報通信学会環境電磁工学研究会（EMCJWS2018）
• [Presentation] 周波数選択による暗号機器の情報漏えい評価の効率化に関する検討 (2017)
  • Author(s): 杉本藍莉, 藤本大介, 林優一, 水木敬明, 曽根秀昭
  • Organizer: 電子情報通信学会環境電磁工学研究会
• [Presentation] 表示画像の選択を用いた電磁情報漏えい評価手法に関する検討 (2017)
  • Author(s): 田辺弦太郎, 林優一, 水木敬明, 曽根秀昭
  • Organizer: 電子情報通信学会環境電磁工学研究会
• [Presentation] 意図的な電磁妨害による故障発生にクロック信号の立ち上がり時間が与える影響に関する検討 (2017)
  • Author(s): 伊東拓哉, 林優一, 水木敬明, 曽根秀昭
  • Organizer: 電子情報通信学会環境電磁工学研究会
• [Presentation] 描画情報の選択による放射電磁波制御を利用した情報漏えい評価手法の検討 (2017)
  • Author(s): 田辺弦太郎, 林優一, 水木敬明, 曽根秀昭
  • Organizer: 2017年電子情報通信学会ソサイエティ大会
• [Presentation] 周波数選択フィルタを用いた相関電力解析の評価の効率化に関する検討 (2017)
  • Author(s): 杉本藍莉, 林優一, 水木敬明, 曽根秀昭
  • Organizer: 2017年電子情報通信学会ソサイエティ大会
• [Presentation] A Method of Fault Detection in Encryption Device Based on Leaked EM Information from Adder Circuit (2017)
  • Author(s): Naoto Saga, Yu-chi Hayashi, Takaaki Mizuki, and Hideaki Sone
  • Organizer: 電子情報通信学会EMC Joint Workshop
  • Int'l Joint Research