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Atomic beam technology applicable to VLEO application and erosion analysis on materals aboard SLATS

Research Project

Project/Area Number 18H01624
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 24010:Aerospace engineering-related
Research InstitutionKobe University

Principal Investigator

Yokota Kumiko  神戸大学, 工学研究科, 助手 (20252794)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 田川 雅人  神戸大学, 工学研究科, 准教授 (10216806)
Project Period (FY) 2018-04-01 – 2022-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help
¥14,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,270,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥2,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥600,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥2,340,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥540,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥3,380,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥780,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥5,850,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,350,000)
Keywords超低地球軌道 / 原子状酸素 / 窒素分子 / 材料劣化 / SLATS / VLEO / 地球高層大気 / 地上試験 / 超低軌道宇宙環境 / SLATS(つばめ) / 分子散乱 / 大気抵抗 / つばめ
Outline of Final Research Achievements

The development of the verylow earth orbit (VLEO) region, which is attracting worldwide attention, requires the development of ground test technologies that can reproduce the mixture ratio of nitrogen molecules and atomic oxygen, in addition to the number density of atmosphere. In this study, we developed a VLEO exposure test method and compared the results with those obtained by the world's first VLEO exposure test using the "Tsubame" (SLATS). As a result of this study, we realized a one-nozzle two-beam technology, we developed, could reproduce the results of the VLEO material test aboard SLATS.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

Starlinkなど世界的に注目されている超低地球軌道(VLEO)領域では濃密な原子状酸素密度と窒素分子の同時衝突による急速な材料劣化が生じることが世界初の超低軌道衛星「つばめ(SLATS)」で示されている。本研究ではこの極限環境を再現できる地上試験技術(ワンノズル・ツービーム法)の開発と、SLATSで得られた軌道上データと比較することによる材料劣化メカニズムの解析に成功し、VLEO用材料試験技術を確立することに成功した。

Report

(5 results)
  • 2022 Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • 2019 Annual Research Report
  • 2018 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (51 results)

All 2022 2021 2019 2018 Other

All Journal Article (3 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 3 results,  Open Access: 1 results) Presentation (46 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 24 results,  Invited: 1 results) Book (1 results) Remarks (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] Laser-detonation hyperthermal beam source applicable to VLEO environmental simulations2022

    • Author(s)
      Masahito Tagawa, Ryota Okura, Wataru Ide, Sasuga Horimoto, Keisuke Ezaki, Atsushi Fujita, Kosuke Shoda, Kumiko Yokota,
    • Journal Title

      CEAS Space Journal

      Volume: 14

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Anisotropic molecular scattering at microstructured surface for rarefied gas compression inside air breathing ion engine2022

    • Author(s)
      Kosuke Shoda, Naoki Kano, Yuki Jotaki, Keisuke Ezaki, Kazuki Itatani, Takashi Ozawa, Yusuke Yamashita, Kazutaka Nishiyama, Kumiko Yokota, Masahito Tagawa
    • Journal Title

      CEAS Space Journal

      Volume: 14

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Effect of simultaneous N2 collisions on atomic oxygen-induced polyimide erosion in sub-low Earth orbit: comparison of laboratory and SLATS data2021

    • Author(s)
      Kumiko Yokota, Masahito Tagawa, Yusuke Fujimoto, Wataru Ide, Yugo Kimoto, Yuta Tsuchiya, Aki Goto, Kazuki Yukumatsu, Eiji Miyazaki, Shunsuke Imamura
    • Journal Title

      CEAS Space Journal

      Volume: 13 Pages: 389-397

    • NAID

      120007124107

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] Passive compression device in molecular flow by surface scattering: A key device for spacecraft intake system2022

    • Author(s)
      Masahito Tagawa, Yusaku Ashida Koki Sugimoto, Kosuke Shoda, Keisuke Ezaki, Kumiko Yokota, Takashi Ozawa, Yusuke Yamashita, Kazutaka Nishiyama
    • Organizer
      The 5th International Workshop on Scattering of Atoms and Molecules from Surfaces
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Atomic oxygen density variation measured by SLATS/AOFS: Comparison of flight data and atmospheric model predictions2022

    • Author(s)
      Masahito Tagawa, Kumiko Yokota, Atsushi Fujita, Wataru Ide, Yasunobu Miyoshi, Yuta Tsuchiya, Aki Goto, Kazuki Yukumatsu, Eiji Miyazaki, Yugo Kimoto
    • Organizer
      15th International Symposium on Materials in a Space Environment / 13th International Conference on Protection of Materials and Systems from Space Environment
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Shielding effect of atomic oxygen by satellite structure observed on SLATS and its compensation for material exposure experiment2022

    • Author(s)
      Masahito Tagawa, Kumiko Yokota, Wataru Ide, Atsushi Fujita, Shohei Urakawa, Yuta Tsuchiya, Aki Goto, Kazuki Yukumatsu, Eiji Miyazaki, Yugo Kimoto
    • Organizer
      15th International Symposium on Materials in a Space Environment / 13th International Conference on Protection of Materials and Systems from Space Environment
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] N2-acceleration effect on atomic oxygen-induced polyimide erosion in sub-LEO observed by SLATS/AOFS2022

    • Author(s)
      Kumiko Yokota, Masahito Tagawa, Wataru Ide, Atsushi Fujita, Sasuga Horimoto, Santa Nishioka, Keisuke Ezaki, Yuta Tsuchiya, Aki Goto, Kazuki Yukumatsu, Eiji Miyazaki, Yugo Kimoto
    • Organizer
      15th International Symposium on Materials in a Space Environment / 13th International Conference on Protection of Materials and Systems from Space Environment
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Impact of neutral atmosphere environment on SLATS2022

    • Author(s)
      Yugo Kimoto, Yuta Tsuchiya, Eiji Miyazaki, Aki Goto, Kazuki Yukumatsu, Shunsuke Imamura, Haruo Kawasaki, Masanori Sasaki, Kumiko Yokota, Masahito Tagawa, Wataru Ide, Atsushi Fujita, Shohei Urakawa, Sasuga Horimoto, Santa Nishioka
    • Organizer
      15th International Symposium on Materials in a Space Environment / 13th International Conference on Protection of Materials and Systems from Space Environment
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Perspective on Atomic Oxygen Reaction with Thermal Control Materials in Space2022

    • Author(s)
      Masahito Tagawa, Kumiko Yokota
    • Organizer
      The 13th Asian Thermophysical Properties Conference
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] A research on material degradation of spacecraft in sub-low Earth orbit environment -An estimate of the contribution of inert molecule’s energy to the acceleration effect of the erosion of polyimide -2022

    • Author(s)
      Sasuga Horimoto, Santa Nishioka, Wataru Ide, Kumiko Yokota, Masahito Tagawa
    • Organizer
      The 13th Asian Thermophysical Properties Conference
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Accelerated AO-induced polyimide erosion in VLEO by simultaneous collisions of hyperthermal N2 molecules2021

    • Author(s)
      Sasuga Horimoto, Atsushi Fujita, Wataru Ide, Kumiko Yokota, Masahito Tagawa
    • Organizer
      1st International Symposium on VLEO Missions and Technologies, Manchester, UK, June 28-29, 2021
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Atmospheric density probe for VLEO applications2021

    • Author(s)
      Taishi Kato, Shoma Taira, Momoka Shimoi, Kumiko Yokota, Yoshinori Nakayama, Takashi Ozawa, Masahito Tagawa
    • Organizer
      1st International Symposium on VLEO Missions and Technologies, Manchester, UK, June 28-29, 2021
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Molecular scattering at microstructured surface for rarefied gas compression inside air breathing ion engine2021

    • Author(s)
      Kosuke Shoda, Naoki Kano, Yuki Jotaki, Keisuke Ezaki, Kazuki Itatani, Takashi Ozawa, Yusuke Yamashita, Kazutaka Nishiyama, Kumiko Yokota, Masahito Tagawa
    • Organizer
      1st International Symposium on VLEO Missions and Technologies, Manchester, UK, June 28-29, 2021
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] AO density variations during geomagnetic anomaly observed by SLATS2021

    • Author(s)
      Atsushi Fujita, Kumiko Yokota, Masahito Tagawa, Wataru Ide, Sasuga Horimoto, Yugo Kimoto, Yuta Tsuchiya, Aki Goto, Kazuki Yukumatsu, Eiji Miyazaki, Yasunobu Miyoshi
    • Organizer
      2nd Applied Space Environments Conference, November 1-5, 2021, Online
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Effect of direct atomic oxygen exposures on carbon nanotube field emission cathode: comparison of flight data and in-situ ground-based experiment2021

    • Author(s)
      Kazuki Itatani, Keisuke Ezaki, Fukami Yuki, Kumiko Yokota, Masahito Tagawa, Yasushi Ohkawa, Satomi Kawamoto
    • Organizer
      2nd Applied Space Environments Conference, November 1-5, 2021, Online
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Kapton erosion yields in various flight environments2019

    • Author(s)
      Wataru Ide, Yusuke Fujimoto, Kim K. de Groh, Bruce A. Banks, Yuta Tsuchiya, Kazuki Yukumatsu, Aki Goto, Eiji Miyazaki Yugo Kimoto, Kumiko Yokota, Masahito Tagawa
    • Organizer
      Joint Symposium of 32nd International Symposium on Space Technology and Science and 9th Nano-Satellites Symposium
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Direct simulation Monte Carlo evaluation of hyperthermal molecular flow in air breathing ion engine2019

    • Author(s)
      Naoki Kano, Ryo Shirakawa, Momoka Shimoi, Takashi Ozawa,
    • Organizer
      Joint Symposium of 32nd International Symposium on Space Technology and Science and 9th Nano-Satellites Symposium
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Development of ionization gauge for in-orbit measurement of molecular density2019

    • Author(s)
      Momoka Shimoi, Ryota Okura, Ryo Shirakawa, Naoki kano, Shunsuke Imamura
    • Organizer
      Joint Symposium of 32nd International Symposium on Space Technology and Science and 9th Nano-Satellites Symposium
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Particle simulations of ECR plasma generation in air breathing ion engine2019

    • Author(s)
      Ryo Shirakawa, Hideyuki Usui, Yohei Miyake, Masahito Tagawa, Kazutaka Nishiyama
    • Organizer
      Joint Symposium of 32nd International Symposium on Space Technology and Science and 9th Nano-Satellites Symposium
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Study of rarefied aerodynamics for super low altitude satellites2019

    • Author(s)
      Takashi Ozawa, Shunsuke Imamura, Masahito Tagawa, Kazuhisa Fujita
    • Organizer
      Joint Symposium of 32nd International Symposium on Space Technology and Science and 9th Nano-Satellites Symposium
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 国際宇宙ステーション材料曝露試験における原子状酸素フルーエンス過小評価の可能性2019

    • Author(s)
      横田久美子、白川遼、井出航、岩田稔、木本雄吾、田川雅人
    • Organizer
      第40回日本熱物性シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 衛星搭載用超低地球軌道分子数密度測定装置の開発2019

    • Author(s)
      下位百香、松岡弘洋、小澤宇志、西山和孝、今村俊介、横田久美子、田川雅人
    • Organizer
      第56回日本航空宇宙学会 関西・中部支部合同秋期大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 超低軌道宇宙環境場におけるDSMCシミュレーションと適応係数に関する課題2019

    • Author(s)
      加納直起、江塚風也、白川 遼、下位百香、小澤宇志、今村俊介、西山和孝、横田久美子、田川雅人
    • Organizer
      第56回日本航空宇宙学会 関西・中部支部合同秋期大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ハニカム構造のコリメータを用いた大気吸入イオンエンジンの圧縮性能評価2019

    • Author(s)
      江塚風也、加納直起、白川 遼、下位百香、小澤宇志、今村俊介、西山和孝、横田久美子、田川雅人
    • Organizer
      第56回日本航空宇宙学会 関西・中部支部合同秋期大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] マイクロ波放電型イオンエンジンμ10の放電室汚染による性能劣化の評価2019

    • Author(s)
      白川 遼、山下 裕介、神田大樹、細田聡史、月崎 竜堂、田川雅人、西山和孝
    • Organizer
      第56回日本航空宇宙学会 関西・中部支部合同秋期大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 超低軌道環境下におけるポリイミド反応効率:地上試験結果と軌道上計測結果について2019

    • Author(s)
      井出 航、藤田敦史、土屋祐太、後藤亜希、行松和輝、宮崎英治、木本雄吾、横田久美子、田川雅人
    • Organizer
      第56回日本航空宇宙学会 関西・中部支部合同秋期大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 超低軌道環境下におけるポリイミド反応効率:SLATS/AOFSデータ解析結果2019

    • Author(s)
      藤田敦史、井出 航、土屋祐太、後藤亜希、行松和輝、宮崎英治、木本雄吾、横田久美子、田川雅人
    • Organizer
      第56回日本航空宇宙学会 関西・中部支部合同秋期大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 原子状酸素照射の均一性改良と照射省力化に向けた検討2019

    • Author(s)
      深見侑希、岩田 稔、横田久美子、田川雅人
    • Organizer
      第56回日本航空宇宙学会 関西・中部支部合同秋期大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] レーザーデトネーション超熱分子線の解離抑制2019

    • Author(s)
      横田久美子、大倉僚太、藤本友介、田川雅人
    • Organizer
      第66回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] A consideration of degradation of polymeric materials in sub-low Earth orbits space environment2018

    • Author(s)
      Yusuke Fujimoto, Ryota Okura, Kazuki Kita, Minoru Iwata, Kumiko Yokota, Masahito Tagawa
    • Organizer
      15th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Development of a pulsed supersonic valve aimed for Martian atmospheric simulation2018

    • Author(s)
      Ryota Okura, Yusuke Fujimoto, Kazuki Kita, Minoru Iwata, Chee Sze Keat, Yugo Kimoto, Kumiko Yokota, Masahito Tagawa
    • Organizer
      15th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Plasma particle simulation of ECR plasma generation in Air Breathing Ion Engine (ABIE)2018

    • Author(s)
      Ryo Shirakawa, Hideyuki Usui, Yohei Miyake, Masahito Tagawa, Kazutaka Nishiyama
    • Organizer
      15th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] One-nozzle two-beam laser-detonation system2018

    • Author(s)
      Kumiko Yokota, Kazuki Kita, Ryota Okura, Teppei Shimizu, Sze Keat Chee, Minoru Iwata, Masahito Tagawa
    • Organizer
      14th International Symposium on Materials in the Space Environment/12th International Conference on protection of Materials and Structures in a Space Environment
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Over-estimation of atomic oxygen fluences due to undecomposed oxygen molecules included in hyperthermal beams2018

    • Author(s)
      Masahito Tagawa, Kazuki Kita, Ryota Okura, Yusuke Fujimoto, Ryo Shirakawa, Teppei Shimizu, Minoru Iwata, Kumiko Yokota
    • Organizer
      14th International Symposium on Materials in the Space Environment/12th International Conference on protection of Materials and Structures in a Space Environment
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Enhancement of atomic oxygen resistance of charge dissipative ion beam treated polymers2018

    • Author(s)
      Z. Iskanderova, J. Kleiman, F. Bussieres, M. Tagawa, R. Ng, R. Sodhi
    • Organizer
      14th International Symposium on Materials in the Space Environment/12th International Conference on protection of Materials and Structures in a Space Environment
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Cultivation of research and project-support network for degradation of space-use materials -Concept of cluster type in-situ test facilities system2018

    • Author(s)
      Minoru Iwata, Masahito Tagawa, Sumitaka Tachikawa, Issei Kato, Takayuki Hirose
    • Organizer
      14th International Symposium on Materials in the Space Environment/12th International Conference on protection of Materials and Structures in a Space Environment
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Evaluation of vacuum transfer vessel performance to construct cluster type in-situ test facilities network2018

    • Author(s)
      Alexandre Simon, Minoru Iwata, Masahito Tagawa, Sumitaka Tachikawa
    • Organizer
      14th International Symposium on Materials in the Space Environment/12th International Conference on protection of Materials and Structures in a Space Environment
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 超低軌道環境における中性ガス衝突誘起材料劣化現象メカニズムの解析2018

    • Author(s)
      横田久美子、田川雅人
    • Organizer
      第4回超低高度衛星の利用に向けたワークショップ
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 原子状酸素ビーム照射試験における残留未解離酸素分子の影響2018

    • Author(s)
      横田久美子、北 一貴、藤本友介、大倉僚太、田川雅人
    • Organizer
      第79回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 宇宙用材料を指向した液晶ポリマーへの原子状酸素照射2018

    • Author(s)
      小柴康子, 横田久美子,西本卓馬, 堀家匠平, 福島達也, 田川雅人, 石田謙司
    • Organizer
      第79回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 超低軌道宇宙環境における高分子材料の劣化特性とSLATSデータとの比較検討2018

    • Author(s)
      藤本友介、井出航、大倉僚太、岩田稔、土屋佑太、後藤亜季、行松和輝、木本雄吾、横田久美子、田川雅人
    • Organizer
      第62回宇宙科学技術連合講演会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 大倉僚太、藤本友介、清水鉄平、岩田稔、木本雄吾、横田久美子、田川雅人2018

    • Author(s)
      惑星高層大気環境模擬のための複合分子線システムの構築とロングノズルの効果
    • Organizer
      第62回宇宙科学技術連合講演会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ISS材料劣化実験における原子状酸素フルーエンス計測法に関する一考察2018

    • Author(s)
      田川雅人、藤本友介、大倉僚太、白川遼、井出航、横田久美子、Kim K. de Groh, Bruce A. Banks
    • Organizer
      第15回宇宙環境シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 超低軌道宇宙環境模擬のためのワンノズルツービームレーザーデトネーション原子状酸素ビーム装置2018

    • Author(s)
      横田久美子、大倉僚太、藤本友介、岩田稔、田川雅人
    • Organizer
      第39回日本熱物性シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 超熱原子ビームによる固体表面の濡れ性制御2018

    • Author(s)
      田川雅人、横田久美子
    • Organizer
      第39回日本熱物性シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 惑星高層大気シミュレーションのための複合分子線システムの構築とロングノズルの効果2018

    • Author(s)
      大倉僚太、藤本友介、清水鉄平、岩田稔、木本雄吾、横田久美子、田川雅人
    • Organizer
      2018年日本表面真空学会学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 超低軌道宇宙環境での高分子材料の耐性評価とSLATSデータとの比較検討について2018

    • Author(s)
      藤本友介、井出航、大倉僚太、岩田稔、土屋佑太、後藤亜希、行松和輝、木本雄吾、横田久美子、田川雅人
    • Organizer
      2018年日本表面真空学会学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 超低軌道宇宙環境における高分子材料の劣化原因対する考察とSLATSデータとの比較検討2018

    • Author(s)
      藤本友介、井出航、大倉僚太、岩田稔、土屋佑太、後藤亜希、行松和輝、木本雄吾、横田久美子、田川雅人
    • Organizer
      第55日本航空宇宙学会中部・関西支部合同秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 惑星高層大気環境模擬のための複合分子線システムの構築とロングノズルの効果について2018

    • Author(s)
      大倉僚太、藤本友介、清水鉄平、岩田稔、木本雄吾、横田久美子、田川雅人
    • Organizer
      第55日本航空宇宙学会中部・関西支部合同秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 最新実用真空技術総覧2019

    • Author(s)
      田川雅人、横田久美子 他、分担執筆
    • Total Pages
      1084
    • Publisher
      エヌ・ティー・エス、東京
    • ISBN
      9784860435592
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] 神戸大学大学院工学研究科における宇宙環境研究のページ

    • URL

      http://www.space-environmental-effect.jp/index.html

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report 2020 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2018-04-23   Modified: 2024-01-30  

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