Spatiotemporal high-resolution mapping for ocean carbon system in the Southern Ocean

• Project/Area Number: 18H04131
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Medium-sized Section 63:Environmental analyses and evaluation and related fields
• Research Institution: Hokkaido University
• Principal Investigator: Watanabe Yutaka 北海道大学, 地球環境科学研究院, 准教授 (90333640)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 中野 善之 国立研究開発法人海洋研究開発機構, 研究プラットフォーム運用開発部門, 副主任研究員 (20566103) ; 脇田 昌英 国立研究開発法人海洋研究開発機構, 地球環境部門(むつ研究所), 研究員 (30415989) ; 野村 大樹 北海道大学, 北方生物圏フィールド科学センター, 准教授 (70550739)
• Project Period (FY): 2018-04-01 – 2021-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2020)
• Budget Amount: ¥44,590,000 (Direct Cost: ¥34,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥10,290,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥10,660,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,460,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥14,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,390,000); Fiscal Year 2018: ¥19,240,000 (Direct Cost: ¥14,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,440,000)
• Keywords: 化学海洋学 / 海洋酸性化 / 南大洋 / 海洋炭酸系物質 / 時空間高解像度マッピング / 化学海洋

Outline of Final Research Achievements

In order to answer the question, "How is ocean acidification progressing in the Southern Ocean now?", we developed the parameterization of carbonate species (DIC, Alk, pH) and nitrates in the Southern Ocean, and clarified the detailed distributions of carbonate species and nitrates in the Southern Ocean in quasi-real time. These results indicate that ocean acidification in the Southern Ocean is progressing at a rate of 0.004 pH/year, which is twice as fast as the average for the entire ocean, and that anthropogenic CO2 uptake in the Southern Ocean is responsible for absorbing as much as 40% of the whole ocean.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究は、北太平洋高緯度域における海洋炭酸系物質のパラメタリゼーション技術を南大洋に展開し、その技術を同海域の中層プロファイリングフロート等に応用することで、南大洋の広域にわたる時空間高解像度なpH変動とその原因である人為起源CO2吸収量の解明をめざすものである。これは、ミッシングピースとなっている南大洋における炭素循環を解明し、地球環境問題の謎に具体的かつ定量的に迫る世界初の試みである。この結果は、全海洋の炭素循環・物質循環研究ならびに将来予測に対して飛躍的な進歩をもたらす点でブレークスルーとなり、その社会的インパクトは計り知れない。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Long-term ocean acidification trends in coastal waters around Japan (2021)
  • Author(s): Ishida H, Isono RS, Kita J, Watanabe YW
  • Journal Title: Scientific Reports Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Pages: 5052-5052
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84657-0
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] The Southern Ocean with the largest uptake of anthropogenic nitrogen into the ocean interior (2020)
  • Author(s): Pan XL, Li BF, Watanabe YW
  • Journal Title: Scientific Reports Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 8838-8838
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65661-2
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Spatiotemporal changes of ocean carbon species in the western North Pacific using parameterization technique (2020)
  • Author(s): Watanabe W. Y., Li B. F., Yamasaki R., Yunoki S., Imai K., Hosoda S., Nakano Y.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Oceanography Volume: 76 Issue: 2 Pages: 155-167
  • DOI: 10.1007/s10872-019-00532-7
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Saroma-ko Lagoon Observations for sea ice Physico-chemistry and Ecosystems 2019 (SLOPE2019) (2020)
  • Author(s): Nomura, D., P. Wongpan, T. Toyota, T. Tanikawa, Y. Kawaguchi, T. Ono, T. Ishino, M. Tozawa, T. P. Tamura, I. S. Yabe, E. Y. Son, F. Vivier, A. Lourenco, M. Lebrun, Y. Nosaka, T. Hirawake, A. OOKI, S. Aoki, B. Else, F. Fripiat, J. Inoue, and M. Vancoppenolle
  • Journal Title: Bulletin of Glaciological Research Volume: 38 Issue: 0 Pages: 1-12
  • DOI: 10.5331/bgr.19R02
  • NAID: 130007822743
  • ISSN: 1345-3807, 1884-8044
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Quasi‐Real‐time and high‐resolution spatiotemporal distribution of ocean anthropogenic CO2 (2019)
  • Author(s): Li B.F., Watanabe Y.W., Hosoda S., Sato K., Nakano Y.
  • Journal Title: Geophysical Research Letters Volume: 印刷中 Issue: 9 Pages: 4836-4843
  • DOI: 10.1029/2018gl081639
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Fostering multidisciplinary research on interactions between chemistry, biology, and physics within the coupled cryosphere-atmosphere system (2019)
  • Author(s): Thomas JL, ,....... Nomura D et al.
  • Journal Title: Elem Sci Anth Volume: 7 Pages: 58-58
  • DOI: 10.1525/elementa.396
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Wind-driven decadal sea surface height and main pycnocline depth changes in the western subarctic North Pacific (2019)
  • Author(s): Nagano A, Wakita M
  • Journal Title: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science Volume: 6 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-26
  • DOI: 10.1186/s40645-019-0303-0
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Response of N2O production rate to ocean acidification in the western North Pacific (2019)
  • Author(s): Breider F., Yoshikawa C., Makabe A., Toyoda S., Wakita M., Matsui Y., Kawagucci S., Fujiki T., Harada N., Yoshida N.
  • Journal Title: Nature Climate Change Volume: 9 Issue: 12 Pages: 954-958
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41558-019-0605-7
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Long-term trends in anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic effects on changes in ocean pH (2018)
  • Author(s): Watanabe Y.W., Li B.F., Wakita M.
  • Journal Title: Geophysical Research Letters Volume: 45 Issue: 17 Pages: 9016-9113
  • DOI: 10.1029/2018gl078084
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Circulation patterns in the lower Arctic Ocean derived from geochemical data (2018)
  • Author(s): Ikeda M., Tanaka S.S., Watanabe Y.W.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Oceanography Volume: 74 Issue: 5 Pages: 453-470
  • DOI: 10.1007/s10872-018-0472-2
  • NAID: 120006529648
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Impact of CO2 on the elemental composition of the particulate and dissolved organic matter of marine diatoms emerged after nitrate depletion (2018)
  • Author(s): Sugie K., Yoshimura T., Wakita M.
  • Journal Title: Limnology and Oceanography Volume: 63 Issue: 5 Pages: 1924-1943
  • DOI: 10.1002/lno.10816
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Development of Autonomous Surface Vehicle (2018)
  • Author(s): 百留忠洋，吉田弘，澤隆雄，中野善之，渡邊佳孝, 福田達也，中谷武志，松本宙，菅良太郎，依田貴志,
  • Journal Title: Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan Volume: 36 Issue: 4 Pages: 286-293
  • DOI: 10.7210/jrsj.36.286
  • NAID: 130007397021
  • ISSN: 0289-1824, 1884-7145
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] CO2 flux over young and snowcovered Arctic pack ice in winter and spring (2018)
  • Author(s): Nomura D., Granskog M.A., Fransson A., Chierici M., Silyakova A, Ohshima K.I., Cohen L., Delille B., Hudson S.R.
  • Journal Title: Biogeosciences Volume: 15 Pages: 3331-3343
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Influence of sea ice crack formation on the spacial distribution of nutrients and microalgae in flooded Antarctic multi-year ice (2018)
  • Author(s): Nomura D, Aoki S, Simizu D, Iida T.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans. Volume: 123, 2 Issue: 2 Pages: 939-951
  • DOI: 10.1002/2017jc012941
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] Rapid progress of ocean acidification over the Southern Ocean (2020)
  • Author(s): Li BF, Pan XL, Watanabe YW
  • Organizer: The 11th Symposium on Polar Science
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Multi-decadal trend of freshening over the Southern Ocean coastal regions based on a progressed parameterization technique (2020)
  • Author(s): Pan XL, Li BF, Watanabe YW
  • Organizer: The 11th Symposium on Polar Science
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Formulation of disequilibrium for estimating the oceanic anthropogenic CO2 over the Southern Ocean (2020)
  • Author(s): Wang C, Li BF, Pan XL, Watanabe YW
  • Organizer: The 11th Symposium on Polar Science
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 南大洋における人為起源と非人為起源のCO2の10年変動 (2019)
  • Author(s): 李勃豊、潘先亮、渡辺豊
  • Organizer: 日本海洋学会2019年度秋季大会
• [Presentation] 南大洋における時空間高分解能な海洋系外窒素(Nex)の動態の見積り (2019)
  • Author(s): 潘先亮、李勃豊、渡辺豊
  • Organizer: 日本海洋学会2019年度秋季大会
• [Presentation] Reconstruction of spatiotemporal change of anthropogenic fixed nitrogen in the western North Pacific (2019)
  • Author(s): 渡辺豊、藤田晃市、李勃豊
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2019
• [Presentation] Seasonal variations of oceanic CO2 disequilibrium and anthropogenic CO2 in the subarctic North Pacific (2019)
  • Author(s): 李勃豊、宿田さとり、葛西広海、黒田寛、谷内由貴子、長谷川大介、渡辺豊
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2019
• [Presentation] Evaluation of oceanic anthropogenic fixed nitrogen in the western North Pacific and the Southern Ocean. (2019)
  • Author(s): Pan X, Fujita K, Li BF, Watanabe YW
  • Organizer: SOLAS Open Science Conference 2019
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] patiotemporal changes of ocean anthropogenic CO2 and ocean acidification in the western North Pacific by using parameterization. (2019)
  • Author(s): Yunoki S, Yamasaki R, Li BF, Watanabe YW.
  • Organizer: SOLAS Open Science Conference 2019
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Quasi-real-time and high-resolution spatiotemporal distribution of anthropogenic CO2 in the subarctic North Pacific. (2019)
  • Author(s): Li BF, Watanabe YW, Hosoda S, Sato K, Nakano Y.
  • Organizer: SOLAS Open Science Conference 2019
  • Int'l Joint Research