Molecular torus survey and magnetic field measurement in radio galaxies

• Project/Area Number: 18K03712
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 16010:Astronomy-related
• Research Institution: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
• Principal Investigator: Kameno Seiji 国立天文台, チリ観測所, 教授 (20270449)
• Project Period (FY): 2018-04-01 – 2021-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2020)
• Budget Amount: ¥4,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥930,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000); Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
• Keywords: 活動銀河核 / 電波銀河 / 偏波観測 / 分子ガストーラス / 電波干渉計 / 電波天文学 / 活動銀河

Outline of Final Research Achievements

We have observed molecular tori in active galactic nuclei to investigate mass accretion process by measuring physical properties and magnetic fields. We discovered rich molecular absorption species in radio galaxies NGC 1052 and 4261 to identify the molecular tori. Non-detection of polarization indicates Faraday depolarization through the tori. The 0.3-G upper limit of the magnetic field is obtained via Zeeman effect of SO absorption lines. Boltzmann diagram of the SO absorptions indicate that the torus is as hot as 500 K where sulfides sublimate from dusts.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

活動銀河核は大質量ブラックホールに降着する物質の重力エネルギーで輝く宇宙で最も高効率かつ大規模なエンジンであり、燃料となる降着物質の起源と組成および降着機構（角運動量輸送機構）が未解明であった。本研究では分子ガストーラスを吸収線で観測することにより、高密度分子ガスとプラズマが非一様に混在するトーラスの構成を解明でき、ミリ波・サブミリ波帯電波干渉計高解像度観測のトーラス調査有効性を示した。トーラスのダスト温度が約500 Kと高温であり、中心核の放射では足りないことから、トーラス内の回転が磁場を介して乱流を生じ、プラズマを生成するまでに加熱する機構が示唆された。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] The Explosion in Orion-KL as Seen by Mosaicking the Magnetic Field with ALMA (2021)
  • Author(s): Cortes Paulo C.、Le Gouellec Valentin J. M.、Hull Charles L. H.、Girart Josep M.、Louvet Fabien、Fomalont Edward B.、Kameno Seiji、Moellenbrock George A.、Nagai Hiroshi、Nakanishi Kouichiro、Villard Eric
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 907 Issue: 2 Pages: 94-94
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abcafb
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] 3C 279: ALMA detection of polarization flare with an EVPA jump (2021)
  • Author(s): Kameno, Seiji et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astronomer's Telegram Volume: 14385 Pages: 1-1
  • Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] A Massive Molecular Torus inside a Gas-poor Circumnuclear Disk in the Radio Galaxy NGC 1052 Discovered with ALMA (2020)
  • Author(s): Kameno Seiji、Sawada-Satoh Satoko、Impellizzeri C. M. Violette、Espada Daniel、Nakai Naomasa、Sugai Hajime、Terashima Yuichi、Kohno Kotaro、Lee Minju、Marin Sergio
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 895 Issue: 1 Pages: 73-73
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab8bd6
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Characterizing the Accuracy of ALMA Linear-polarization Mosaics (2020)
  • Author(s): Hull Charles L. H.、Cortes Paulo C.、Gouellec Valentin J. M. Le、Girart Josep M.、Nagai Hiroshi、Nakanishi Kouichiro、Kameno Seiji、Fomalont Edward B.、Brogan Crystal L.、Moellenbrock George A.、Paladino Rosita、Villard Eric
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific Volume: 132 Issue: 1015 Pages: 094501-094501
  • DOI: 10.1088/1538-3873/ab99cd
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] A Massive Molecular Torus inside a Gas-Poor Cirnumnuclear Disk in the Radio Galaxy NGC 1052 Discovered with ALMA (2020)
  • Author(s): Kameno, Seiji; Sawada-Satoh; Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette; Espada, Daniel; Nakai, Naomasa; Sugai, Hajime; Terashima, Yuichi; Kohno, Kotaro; Lee, Minju; Martin, Sergio
  • Journal Title: astro-ph.GA Volume: 2004.09369
  • Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] ALMA Polarimetry Measures Magnetically Aligned Dust Grains in the Torus of NGC 1068 (2020)
  • Author(s): Lopez-Rodriguez, Enrique; Alonso-Herrero, Almudena; Garcia-Burillo, Santiago; Gordon, Michael S.; Ichikawa, Kohei; Imanishi, Masatoshi; Kameno, Seiji; Levenson, Nancy A.; Nikutta, Robert; Packham, Chris
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 893 Issue: 1 Pages: 33-33
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab8013
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The Two-sided Jet Structures of NGC 1052 at Scales from 300 to 4 × 107 Schwarzschild Radii (2020)
  • Author(s): Nakahara, Satomi; Doi, Akihiro; Murata, Yasuhiro; Nakamura, Masanori; Hada, Kazuhiro; Asada, Keiichi; Sawada-Satoh, Satoko; Kameno, Seiji
  • Journal Title: The Astronomical Journal Volume: 159 Issue: 1 Pages: 14-14
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/ab465b
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Expanding Radio Lobe associated with 3C 84 (2020)
  • Author(s): Asada, Keiichi; Inoue, Makoto; Nagai, Hiroshi; Kameno, Seiji
  • Journal Title: Perseus in Sicily: From Black Hole to Cluster Outskirts. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union Volume: 342 Issue: S342 Pages: 220-221
  • DOI: 10.1017/s1743921318008475
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] A Broad HCO+ Absorption Line Associated with the Circumnuclear Torus of NGC 1052 (2019)
  • Author(s): Sawada-Satoh, Satoko; Byun, Do-Young; Lee, Sang-Sung; Oh, Se-Jin; Roh, Duk-Gyoo; Kameno, Seiji; Yeom, Jae-Hwan; Jung, Dong-Kyu; Oh, Chungsik; Kim, Hyo-Ryoung; Hwang, Ju-Yeon
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Letters Volume: 872 Issue: 2 Pages: L21-L21
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab0425
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Spectral Tomography for the Line-of-sight Structures of the Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 (2018)
  • Author(s): Dobashi Kazuhito、Shimoikura Tomomi、Nakamura Fumitaka、Kameno Seiji、Mizuno Izumi、Taniguchi Kotomi
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 864 Issue: 1 Pages: 82-82
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aad62f
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Presentation] ALMA Polarization Monitoring of Extragalactic Radio Sources (2020)
  • Author(s): 亀野誠二, Ruediger Kneissl, Antonio Hales, Matias Radiszcz, Kurt Plarre, Celia Verdugo, Paulo Cortes, Edward Fomalont, Charles Hull
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会2020年秋季年会
• [Presentation] A radio absorption study of AGN tori (2018)
  • Author(s): Seiji Kameno
  • Organizer: TORUS 2018
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Book] 宇宙の観測II (2020)
  • Author(s): 中井直正、坪井昌人、福井康夫、小川英夫、亀野誠二、神代暁、小嶋崇文、齋藤正雄、徂徠和夫、前澤裕之、松尾宏、水野亮、百瀬宗武
  • Total Pages: 392
  • Publisher: 日本評論社
  • ISBN: 9784535607668
• [Remarks] AMAPOLA
  • URL: http://www.alma.cl/~skameno/AMAPOLA/