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Understanding Others' Intentions and Emotions: In Search of Homology in Great Apes and Analogy with Crows

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19H01772
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 10040:Experimental psychology-related
Research InstitutionKyoto University

Principal Investigator

Fumihiro Kano  京都大学, 野生動物研究センター, 特任准教授 (70739565)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 山梨 裕美  京都市動物園, 生き物・学び・研究センター, 主席研究員 (80726620)
Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥14,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,330,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥3,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥870,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥3,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥870,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥6,890,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,590,000)
Keywords心の理論 / 共感 / 類人猿 / カラス / アイ・トラッキング / サーモ・イメージング / モーション・キャプチャ / エンリッチメント / 予測的注視 / モーションキャプチャシステム / アイトラッキング / 視線 / オキシトシン / モーションキャプチャ / 意図理解 / 動物の認知 / モーショントラッキング
Outline of Research at the Start

他者の意図と感情の理解は社会生活の基盤となる心の機能である。ヒトにもっとも系統的に近い類人猿に加え、系統的に遠いカラスにも類似の能力が認められているが、これら種間の類似がどの程度のものであるか、その具体像はいまだ明らかでない。本研究では、申請者自身が開発と応用に携わってきたサーモ・イメージング(熱画像)による類人猿における感情判定法とアイ・トラッキングによる視線記録法、さらに、モーション・キャプチャによる鳥の視線記録法を活用し、類人猿とカラスの他者理解について明らかにする。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Great apes are humans' closest relatives, and crows, though phylogenetically distant from humans, are both known for their sophisticated cognitive skills, providing models for the evolution of intelligence. This study aimed to experimentally test how great apes and crows understand others' intentions and emotions, fundamental cognitive skills for social living. In the experiments, we utilized and advanced the application of cutting-edge technologies such as thermal imaging, eye tracking, and motion capture. In great apes, an eye-tracking test demonstrated that they can use their own experiences to modify their anticipation of others' behavior, presenting evidence for the theory of mind. In a thermal imaging test, we showed that they physiologically respond to others' injuries, providing evidence for empathy. Additionally, in crows, we established a gaze measurement method using motion capture that can be used in future cognitive tests.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

他者の意図や感情を理解する認知能力は、ヒトだけでなく、類人猿やカラスなどの動物においても認められることが近年の研究から指摘されていたが、その心的メカニズムについては多くの不明な部分が残されていた。本研究では、心の理論課題において、学習理論と認知理論の両面から従来から議論されていた仮説に対して検証実験を行い、成果を得た。また、類人猿が他者の表情といった直接的な手掛かりではなく、怪我といった間接的な手がかりにも共感的な反応を示すという初めての証拠も得た。さらに、カラスにおいては、頭の向きから視線を推測する方法を開発した。アウトリーチにも力を入れ、京都市動物園と共同で研究を行った。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • 2019 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (21 results)

All 2024 2023 2021 2020 2019 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (3 results) Journal Article (16 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 12 results,  Peer Reviewed: 16 results,  Open Access: 11 results) Presentation (2 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 1 results,  Invited: 2 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Konstanz/Max-Planck Institutei of Animal Behavior(ドイツ)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] マックス・プランク人類進化研究所(ドイツ)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] セイント・アンドリュース大学(英国)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Gaze tracking of large-billed crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) in a motion capture system2024

    • Author(s)
      Itahara Akihiro、Kano Fumihiro
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Experimental Biology

      Volume: 227 Issue: 6

    • DOI

      10.1242/jeb.246514

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] 3D-MuPPET: 3D Multi-Pigeon Pose Estimation and Tracking2024

    • Author(s)
      Waldmann, U., Chan, A., Naik, H., Nagy, M., Couzin, ID., Deussen, O., & Kano, F.
    • Journal Title

      International Journal of Computer Vision

      Volume: NA

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] SMART-BARN: Scalable multimodal arena for real-time tracking behavior of animals in large numbers2023

    • Author(s)
      Nagy Mate、Naik Hemal、Kano Fumihiro、Carlson Nora V.、Koblitz Jens C.、Wikelski Martin、Couzin Iain D.
    • Journal Title

      Science Advances

      Volume: 9 Issue: 35

    • DOI

      10.1126/sciadv.adf8068

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Bonobos and chimpanzees remember familiar conspecifics for decades2023

    • Author(s)
      Lewis Laura S.、Wessling Erin G.、Kano Fumihiro、Stevens Jeroen M. G.、Call Josep、Krupenye Christopher
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

      Volume: 120 Issue: 52

    • DOI

      10.1073/pnas.2304903120

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] 3D-POP -- An automated annotation approach to facilitate markerless 2D-3D tracking of freely moving birds with marker-based motion capture2023

    • Author(s)
      Hemal Naik, Alex Hoi Hang Chan, Junran Yang, Mathilde Delacoux, Iain D. Couzin, Fumihiro Kano, Mate Nagy
    • Journal Title

      Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

      Volume: NA

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] How chimpanzees look at movies: The "Art and Science" project in Kyoto City Zoo2021

    • Author(s)
      Kano, F., Sato, Y., & Yamanashi, Y.
    • Journal Title

      Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology

      Volume: 71 Issue: 1 Pages: 13-26

    • DOI

      10.2502/janip.71.1.1

    • NAID

      130008055550

    • ISSN
      0916-8419, 1880-9022
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Divergent effects of oxytocin on eye contact in bonobos and chimpanzees.2021

    • Author(s)
      Brooks, J., *Kano, F., Sato, Y., Yeow, H., Morimura, N., Nagasawa, M., Kikusui, T., Yamamoto, S.
    • Journal Title

      Psychoneuroendocrinology

      Volume: 125 Pages: 105-119

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105119

    • NAID

      120006951772

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Bonobos and chimpanzees preferentially attend to familiar members of the dominant sex.2021

    • Author(s)
      Lewis, L.S., Kano, F., Stevens, J.M., DuBois, J., Call, J., Krupenye, C.
    • Journal Title

      Animal Behaviour

      Volume: -

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Primates Pass Dynamically Social Anticipatory-Looking False-Belief Tests.2020

    • Author(s)
      Kano, F., Call, J., & Krupenye, C.
    • Journal Title

      Trends in Cognitive Sciences

      Volume: 24(10) Issue: 10 Pages: 777-778

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.tics.2020.07.003

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Chimpanzees' (Pan troglodytes) internal arousal remains elevated if they cannot themselves help a conspecific.2020

    • Author(s)
      Hepach, R., Vaish, A., Kano, F., Albiach-Serrano, A., Benziad, L., Call, J., & Tomasello, M.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Comparative Psychology

      Volume: - Issue: 2 Pages: 196-207

    • DOI

      10.1037/com0000255

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The application of noninvasive, restraint-free eye-tracking methods for use with nonhuman primates.2020

    • Author(s)
      Hopper, L. M., Gulli, R. A., Howard, L. H., Kano, F., Krupenye, C., Ryan, A. M., & Paukner, A.
    • Journal Title

      Behavior Research Methods.

      Volume: - Issue: 3 Pages: 1003-1030

    • DOI

      10.3758/s13428-020-01465-6

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Great apes use self-experience to anticipate an agent’s action in a false belief test2019

    • Author(s)
      Kano F, Krupenye C, Hirata S, Tomonaga M, Call J
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the National Academy of Science

      Volume: 116(42) Issue: 42 Pages: 20904-20909

    • DOI

      10.1073/pnas.1910095116

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Establishing an infrastructure for collaboration in primate cognition research2019

    • Author(s)
      ManyPrimates et al. (19th author)
    • Journal Title

      PLOS ONE

      Volume: 14(10) Issue: 10 Pages: e0223675-e0223675

    • DOI

      10.1371/journal.pone.0223675

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] What are flying birds looking at? New challenges in the use of cutting-edge sensor technologies to study bird gaze2019

    • Author(s)
      狩野文浩
    • Journal Title

      Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology

      Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Pages: 39-53

    • DOI

      10.2502/janip.69.1.1

    • NAID

      130007768879

    • ISSN
      0916-8419, 1880-9022
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Chimpanzees, but not bonobos, attend more to infant than adult conspecifics2019

    • Author(s)
      Kawaguchi Yuri、Kano Fumihiro、Tomonaga Masaki
    • Journal Title

      Animal Behaviour

      Volume: 154 Pages: 171-181

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.06.014

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Spontaneous attention and psycho-physiological responses to others' injury in chimpanzees2019

    • Author(s)
      Sato Y, Hirata S, Kano F
    • Journal Title

      Animal Cognition

      Volume: 22 Issue: 5 Pages: 807-823

    • DOI

      10.1007/s10071-019-01276-z

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] Using cutting-edge technologies to study animal cognition and behavior.2019

    • Author(s)
      Kano F.
    • Organizer
      International Student Symposium on Animal Behavior and Cognition.
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Great apes use self-experiences to anticipate an agent’s action who has a false belief.2019

    • Author(s)
      Kano F.
    • Organizer
      Japanese Society of Developmental Psychology
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Invited

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Published: 2019-04-18   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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