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Hard X-ray polarimetric observations of relativistic effects around super-massive black holes

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19H01908
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 15020:Experimental studies related to particle-, nuclear-, cosmic ray and astro-physics
Research InstitutionHiroshima University

Principal Investigator

Takahashi Hiromitsu  広島大学, 先進理工系科学研究科(理), 准教授 (10536775)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 林田 清  大阪大学, 理学研究科, 准教授 (30222227)
北口 貴雄  国立研究開発法人理化学研究所, 開拓研究本部, 研究員 (30620679)
川島 朋尚  東京大学, 宇宙線研究所, 特任研究員 (90750464)
Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help
¥17,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥4,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥930,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥5,850,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,350,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥7,540,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,740,000)
Keywords宇宙物理 / 偏光観測 / 気球実験 / ブラックホール / 硬X線 / 硬X線
Outline of Research at the Start

偏光観測は、天体の微細な構造や磁場の向きなどを測定することができ、宇宙物理学において撮像(イメージ)、分光(エネルギースペクトル)、測光(時間変動)と相補的な重要な手法となっている。電波や可視光など低エネルギー帯域では広く用いられているが、X線ガンマ線による高エネルギー偏光観測は未開拓な研究分野である。そこで本研究では日米瑞の国際協力でX-Calibur気球実験を推進し、硬X線偏光観測によりブラックホール近傍における相対論的な効果の測定を目指す。X-Caliburでは、天体からの硬X線信号を望遠鏡で集光することにより高感度な偏光観測を実現する。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

To perform highly sensitive polarimetric observations in the hard X-ray band, we launched the XL-Calibur balloon with an international collaboration team. The Japanese FFAST mirror was adjusted, calibrated and mounted on the XL-Calibur gondola successfully.
There were no flight opportunities from the southern hemisphere due to the coronal disaster, we conducted a 7-day flight from Sweden to Canada in July 2022. Unfortunately, no celestial signals were observed due to a malfunction in balloon operations, but the gondola was successfully recovered. The next flight will again aim to obtain hard X-ray polarization information from supermassive black holes.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

偏光は、イメージ、タイミング、エネルギーとは独立な観測量であり、宇宙観測においてもイメージでは直接分解できない天体の構造を探る上で重要な観測手段である。しかしX線・ガンマ線帯域では、検出メカニズムが複雑なため検出器開発が遅れてきた。地表にはX線・ガンマ線は届かないが、上空40kmの成層圏では20keV以上の硬X線が観測可能である。
今回、全長12mで総重量2.5トンの巨大XL-Caliburゴンドラをフライトさせ、各機器は正常に動作し、天体観測が可能であることが実証できた。次回のフライトでは、長時間観測を実施することで、硬X線帯域での天体からの偏光情報の取得が期待される。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2022 Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • 2019 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (58 results)

All 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (6 results) Journal Article (14 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 12 results,  Peer Reviewed: 11 results,  Open Access: 4 results) Presentation (38 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 14 results,  Invited: 8 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] ワシントン大学/NASA/GSFC/ニューハンプシャー大学(米国)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] 王立工科大学(スウェーデン)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ワシントン大学/NASA/GSFC/ニューハンプシャー大学(米国)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] 王立工科大学(スウェーデン)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ワシントン大学/NASA/GSFC/ニューハンプシャー大学(米国)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] 王立工科大学(スウェーデン)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] The design and performance of the XL-Calibur anticoincidence shield2023

    • Author(s)
      Iyer N.K.、(13名省略)、Kitaguchi T.、(19名省略)
    • Journal Title

      Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

      Volume: 1048 Pages: 167975-167975

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.nima.2022.167975

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] GRBAlpha: the smallest astrophysical space observatory -- Part 1: Detector design, system description and satellite operations2023

    • Author(s)
      Par Andras、Takahashi Hiromitsu、et al.
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: -

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The peak flux of GRB 221009A measured with GRBAlpha2023

    • Author(s)
      Ripa J.、Takahashi H.、Fukazawa Y.、Werner N.、Munz F.、Pal A.、et al.
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: - Pages: L2-L2

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/202346128

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Performance of the X-Calibur hard X-ray polarimetry mission during its 2018/19 long-duration balloon flight2022

    • Author(s)
      Abarr Q.、(14名省略)、Kitaguchi Takao、(15名省略)
    • Journal Title

      Astroparticle Physics

      Volume: 143 Pages: 102749-102749

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.astropartphys.2022.102749

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Optical performance of the x-ray telescope for the XL-Calibur experiment2022

    • Author(s)
      W. Kamogawa, et al.
    • Journal Title

      Proc. of SPIE

      Volume: 12181 Pages: 1218171-1218171

    • DOI

      10.1117/12.2626537

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] A study of the accretion mechanisms of the high-mass X-ray binary IGR J00370+61222021

    • Author(s)
      Nagomi Uchida
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 73 Issue: 5 Pages: 1389-1404

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psab083

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] The Study of X-Ray Flux Variability of M872021

    • Author(s)
      Imazawa Ryo、Fukazawa Yasushi、Takahashi Hiromitsu
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 919 Issue: 2 Pages: 110-110

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ac0ae4

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Origins of the Long-term Variability of the Near-infrared Emission of the Black Hole X-Ray Binary GRS 1915+105 in the X-Ray Low Luminous State2021

    • Author(s)
      Imazato Fumiya、Sasada Mahito、Uemura Makoto、Fukazawa Yasushi、Takahashi Hiromitsu、Nakaoka Tatsuya、Akitaya Hiroshi、Kawabata Koji S.、Akimoto Masanori、Fujisawa Kenta
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 916 Issue: 2 Pages: 114-114

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ac07a3

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Detailed design of the science operations for the XRISM mission2021

    • Author(s)
      Terada Yukikatsu、Holland Matt、Loewenstein Michael、Tashiro Makoto、他35名(35番目)
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems

      Volume: 7 Issue: 03 Pages: 037001-037001

    • DOI

      10.1117/1.jatis.7.3.037001

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] XL-Calibur - a second-generation balloon-borne hard X-ray polarimetry mission2021

    • Author(s)
      Abarr Q.、Awaki H.、Baring M.G.、Bose R. et al.
    • Journal Title

      Astroparticle Physics

      Volume: 126 Pages: 102529-102529

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.astropartphys.2020.102529

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report 2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] XL-Calibur: the next-generation balloon-borne hard x-ray polarimeter2021

    • Author(s)
      Maeda Yoshitomo、Abarr Quincy、Awaki Hisamitsu et al.
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the SPIE

      Volume: 11444 Pages: 316-316

    • DOI

      10.1117/12.2560319

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Silicon photomultiplier (Si-PM) comparisons for low-energy gamma ray readouts with BGO and CsI (Tl) scintillators2021

    • Author(s)
      Takahashi Hiromitsu、Hirade Naoyoshi、Uchida Nagomi、Hirose Kengo、Mizuno Tsunefumi、Fukazawa Yasushi、Yamaoka Kazutaka、Tajima Hiroyasu、Ohno Masanori
    • Journal Title

      Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

      Volume: 989 Pages: 164945-164945

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.nima.2020.164945

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Attenuation characteristics of a Ce:Gd3Al2Ga3O12 scintillator2021

    • Author(s)
      Uchida Nagomi、Takahashi Hiromitsu、Ohno Masanori、Mizuno Tsunefumi、Fukazawa Yasushi、Yoshino Masao、Kamada Kei、Yokota Yuui、Yoshikawa Akira
    • Journal Title

      Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

      Volume: 986 Pages: 164725-164725

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.nima.2020.164725

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Current status of the x-ray mirror for the XL-Calibur experiment2020

    • Author(s)
      Hattori Kengo、Matsumoto Hironori、Abarr Quincy et al.
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the SPIE

      Volume: 11444

    • DOI

      10.1117/12.2560928

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 硬X線集光偏光計XL-Calibur気球実験の2022年フライトと今後2023

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      第23回 宇宙科学シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] XRISM pre-pipeline/operations/ToO response2023

    • Author(s)
      Hiromitsu Takahashi
    • Organizer
      XRISM Data Analysis Workshop
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] X 線偏光観測から探るブラックホール周辺の物理2023

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      ブラックホールジェット・降着円盤・円盤風研究会2023
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 戦略的中型で実現するX線偏光観測2023

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      第22回高宇連研究会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 硬X線集光偏光計XL-Calibur気球実験の2022年フライトと今後2023

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2023年春季年会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 硬X線集光偏光計XL-Calibur気球実験の2022年フライトと今後2023

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会2023年春季年会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Science Operations2022

    • Author(s)
      Hiromitsu Takahashi
    • Organizer
      XRISM Team Meeting
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Science Operations2022

    • Author(s)
      Hiromitsu Takahashi
    • Organizer
      XRISM Science Team Meeting
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 硬 X 線集光偏光計 XL-Calibur 計画の 2022 年フライト2022

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      2022年度 大気球シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 日米欧の国際協力で推進する硬X線集光偏光計XL-Calibur気球計画2022

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      第22回 宇宙科学シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] X線分光撮像衛星XRISMの観測データ処理とその準備状況2022

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2022年春季年会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 硬X線偏光観測XL-Calibur気球実験の2022年フライトへ向けた準備状況2022

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会2022年春季年会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 200 MeV proton damages on Hamamatsu MPPCs (Si-PMs) and GRBAlpha CubeSat status2022

    • Author(s)
      Hiromitsu Takahashi
    • Organizer
      SiPM Radiation
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] In Orbit Degradation of Hamamatsu MPPCs (SiPMs)2022

    • Author(s)
      Hiromitsu Takahashi
    • Organizer
      Monitoring the high-energy sky with small satellites
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 硬X線偏光観測実験XL-Calibur気球の2022年フライトにおける現地準備状況2022

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2022年秋季年会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] X線偏光観測の今後2022

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      2040年代のスペース天文学
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Operation Preparation: Science Operations2021

    • Author(s)
      Hiromitsu Takahashi
    • Organizer
      XRISM Science Team Meeting
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Science Operations2021

    • Author(s)
      Hiromitsu Takahashi
    • Organizer
      XRISM Team Meeting
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 硬X線偏光観測XL-Calibur気球実験の2022年フライトへ向けた準備状況2021

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会2021年秋季年会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 日米欧の国際協力で推進する硬 X 線集光偏光計 XL-Calibur 計画2021

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      2021年度 大気球シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Final results from the PoGO+ hard X-ray polarimetry mission2021

    • Author(s)
      Hiromitsu Takahashi
    • Organizer
      COSPAR 2021 43rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] XL-Calibur, the next-generation balloon-borne hard X-ray polarimeter2021

    • Author(s)
      Hiromitsu Takahashi
    • Organizer
      COSPAR 2021 43rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Hard X-ray polarimetry in the stratosphere2021

    • Author(s)
      Hiromitsu Takahashi
    • Organizer
      COSPAR 2021 43rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] XL-Calibur, the Next-generation Balloon-borne Hard X-ray Polarimeter2021

    • Author(s)
      Hiromitsu Takahashi
    • Organizer
      IAU symposium 360 Astronomical Polarimetry 2020
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 大質量X線連星GX 301-2における増光時の円盤降着の幾何構造2021

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2021年春季年会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 硬X線偏光観測実験XL-Calibur気球実験計画の2022年フライトへ向けた準備状況2021

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会2021年春季年会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 日米欧の国際協力で推進する硬X線集光偏光計XL-Calibur気球計画2021

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      第21回宇宙科学シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 日米欧の国際協力で推進する硬X線集光偏光計XL-Calibur計画2020

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      2020年度 大気球シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] シンチレータによる低エネルギーガンマ線検出に向けたMPPCの性能比較2020

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会2020年秋季年会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 硬X線偏光観測実験XL-Calibur気球の2022年フライトへ向けた準備状況2020

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2020年秋季年会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 硬X線偏光観測実験 XL-Calibur気球の 2021 年フライトへ向けた準備状況2020

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会2020年春季年会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 硬X線集光偏光計X(L)-Calibur気球実験の2018年フライトと将来計画2020

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      第20回宇宙科学シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] XL-Calibur, the next-generation balloon-borne hard X-ray polarimeter with the world-largest effective-area telescope2019

    • Author(s)
      Yoshitomo Maeda
    • Organizer
      The 15th Symposium of Japanese Research Community on X-ray Imaging Optics
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Si-PM Perfomance Comaprison for Readout of CsI/BGO Scintillators2019

    • Author(s)
      Hiromitsu Takahashi
    • Organizer
      SiPM workshop: from fundamental research to industrial applications
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Hard X-ray polarimetric observations of Cygnus X-1 by PoGO+2019

    • Author(s)
      Hiromitsu Takahashi
    • Organizer
      The Future of X-ray Timing
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 日米欧の国際協力で推進する硬X線集光偏光計XL-Calibur計画2019

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      2019年度 大気球シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 硬X 線集光偏光計XL-Calibur気球実験の2021 年フライトへ向けた準備状況2019

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会2019年秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 硬X線偏光観測実験 X(L)-Calibur 気球の 2018 年の観測結果と 2021 年フライトへ向けた準備状況2019

    • Author(s)
      高橋弘充
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2019年秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2019-04-18   Modified: 2024-01-30  

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