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The role of empathy in reconciliation: for effective apologies and lasting forgiveness

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19K01534
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 06020:International relations-related
Research InstitutionAoyama Gakuin University (2020-2022)
International University of Japan (2019)

Principal Investigator

Kumagai Naoko  青山学院大学, 地球社会共生学部, 教授 (10598668)

Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help
¥1,820,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥420,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥130,000 (Direct Cost: ¥100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥30,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Keywords和解 / 共感 / 謝罪 / 赦し / 記憶 / 花岡事件 / 中国人強制労働 / 広島安野 / バターン死の行進 / フィリピン / 学際的研究 / 政治的和解 / 寛容 / 国家補償 / 対話 / 戦後補償
Outline of Research at the Start

本研究は、第二次大戦後の戦後補償の和解過程で、謝罪と赦しの逆行 (加害側による謝罪の否定と被害側による被害の政治化)を引き起こしていると考えられる「共感(相手の立場を相手の視点で理解する姿勢)の欠如」を研究する。国際関係学の和解理論を、哲学、心理学、宗教学での「共感」概念に基づき精緻化し、共感に影響しうる4つの要素(被害者と加害者の社会的所属の同一性、加害側による被害性への認識、被害側による加害の政治的正当性の評価、記憶の抑圧)の理論的位置づけを明確にする。そして4つの事例(米軍捕虜強制労働、ナチスによる東欧強制労働、中国人強制労働、東京空爆被害)で、和解における共感の役割を実証的に研究する。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

This research demonstrates that compassion facilitates sustainable reconciliation in postwar compensation. It hypothesizes that compassion positively corresponds with the level of a sense of social belonging shared between the victims and the perpetrator, that of the perpetrator’s understanding of the harms done to the victims, the understanding of the political validity of perpetration, and the absence of suppression of the memories of perpetration and suffering. The empirical study dealt with four cases: the use of forced labor in Eastern Europe under Nazi rule, the Japanese army’s abuse of American POWs, the Japanese army's forced labor of Chinese workers, and the U.S. air raids on Japan. The research has found that the first two elements facilitate compassion but that victims reject any justification of perpetration. Furthermore, the suppression of victims’memory stimulated their resistance against oblivion. Politics and economy also affect reconciliation.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究の成果は、内戦や政治的抑圧が終焉した後の移行期正義が問題となる国や社会においても活かされると考えられる。本研究は、持続的な和解には、「共感」が重要であり、政治的経済的な外的要因の影響も存在し、さらに被害者にとっての「記憶」も役割を果たすことを、理論的実証的に明らかにした。確かに和解過程は、事象や国・地域、さらには文化にも影響されるので、事例ごとに対応するきめ細かな和解策対応も重要である。しかし、持続可能な和解に共通する核心部分を明らかにすることによってこそ、世界各地の移行期正義、和解政策のための共通の軸となる視点を提供しうるものである。

Report

(5 results)
  • 2022 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • 2020 Research-status Report
  • 2019 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (21 results)

All 2022 2021 2020 2019

All Journal Article (3 results) (of which Open Access: 2 results) Presentation (13 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 7 results,  Invited: 6 results) Book (5 results)

  • [Journal Article] 人権のイデオロギー化が招く地政学的危機2020

    • Author(s)
      熊谷奈緒子
    • Journal Title

      東洋経済オンライン

      Volume: -

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] ポストコロナの世界秩序と新型コロナ感染の多角的影響―世界的潮流からみた昨今の日韓関係2020

    • Author(s)
      熊谷奈緒子
    • Journal Title

      政策オピニオン

      Volume: 166号

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] Japan’s Public Diplomacy in the Issue of Comfort Women: in Pursuit of Confidence2020

    • Author(s)
      熊谷奈緒子
    • Journal Title

      The Diplomat

      Volume: -

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Open Access
  • [Presentation] 「和解における真相究明の可能性と意義―中国人強制連行・安野裁判からの考察」2022

    • Author(s)
      熊谷奈緒子
    • Organizer
      地域文化学会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] The Japanese Role and Participation in the UN, Global Governance, and Multilateral Institutions: Japan's Multilateral Diplomacy in a New Geopolitical Era2022

    • Author(s)
      Naoko Kumagai
    • Organizer
      The Japan House Sao Paulo, Brazil and the School of International Relations at Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV)
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Reconciliation with Oneself: Process of Self-Reflection in the Controversy over Yasukuni in Postwar Japan” (Panel 5: Role of Institution in Reconciliation)2021

    • Author(s)
      Naoko Kumagai
    • Organizer
      IARS-World Conference on Reconciliation TOKYO 2021 Studies, organized by the International Association for Reconciliation August 5-7, 2021 (Presentation on August 6, 2021).
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Discussant for the Panel "Reconciliation and Historian"2021

    • Author(s)
      熊谷奈緒子 (討論者)
    • Organizer
      Workshop on Reconciliation Studies in East Asia organized by the Center for the Reconciliation Studies in Waseda University and the International Association for Reconciliation Studies
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 横井小楠の『公共の天理』に学ぶ今日世界における日本の役割2021

    • Author(s)
      熊谷奈緒子
    • Organizer
      地域文化研究会
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] U.S.-Japan Cooperation for a Maritime Security Council2021

    • Author(s)
      Naoko Kumagai
    • Organizer
      The Indo-Pacific Maritime Security Expert Working Group organized by Pacific Forum
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 世界的潮流から見た昨今の日韓関係 ― ポストコロナの世界秩序と新型コロナの多角的影響2020

    • Author(s)
      熊谷奈緒子
    • Organizer
      研究・イノベーション学会、国際問題分科会
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Women’s Strength in Conciliation: Toward Sustainable Reconciliation2020

    • Author(s)
      熊谷奈緒子
    • Organizer
      25th Women’s Conference for Peace in the Middle East
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 国際社会における法の支配: 国際刑事裁判所に対するアメリカの一国主義の影響からの分析2020

    • Author(s)
      熊谷奈緒子
    • Organizer
      日本国際政治学会
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 歴史の司法化2020

    • Author(s)
      朴裕河教授 (熊谷奈緒子は討論者)
    • Organizer
      早稲田大学高等研究所・早稲田大学国際和解学研究所
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 日韓葛藤ー分析とあるべき未来を目指して2020

    • Author(s)
      朴裕河教授 (熊谷奈緒子は討論者)
    • Organizer
      日韓セミナー「隣交の再構築~感情と市場の論理を越えて」新学術領域研究「和解学の創成」文化記憶班、スーパーグローバル大学創成支援 グローバルアジア 早稲田大学歴史研究所
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] The Rhetoric of the ‘Comfort Women’ in the Context of Changing Global Norms2019

    • Author(s)
      熊谷奈緒子 Mary M. McCarthy
    • Organizer
      Memory Studies Association Third Annual Conference
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 「東京大空襲訴訟から考える日本における国家と個人の関係: その継続と変容」2019

    • Author(s)
      熊谷奈緒子
    • Organizer
      地域文化研究
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Book] 『検証 安倍政権』「歴史問題」の章を担当, pp. 231-2642022

    • Author(s)
      熊谷奈緒子(共著 アジアパシフィックイニシアティブ)
    • Total Pages
      408
    • Publisher
      文春新書
    • ISBN
      9784166613465
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Book] Preventive Diplomacy in the Asia-Pacific (Kumagai's Chapter Title is "Fact Finding for Confidence Building.")2021

    • Author(s)
      Naoko Kumagai(Editors are Yanjun Guo and Fujian Li.)
    • Total Pages
      328
    • Publisher
      World Scientific
    • ISBN
      9789811216824
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Book] Political Philosophy from an Intercultural Perspective Power Relations in a Global World (Kumagai's Chapter Title is "Politics and Reconciliation: The Issue of Comfort Women in the Dynamics of Political Reconciliation between Japan with South Korea")2021

    • Author(s)
      Naoko Kumagai (Editors are Bianca Boteva-Richter, Sarhan Dhouib and James Garrison)
    • Total Pages
      268
    • Publisher
      Routledge
    • ISBN
      9780367445416
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Book] 『新しい地政学』第四章「人権の普遍性とその濫用の危険性」2020

    • Author(s)
      北岡伸一・細谷雄一編 (熊谷奈緒子は第四章を執筆)
    • Total Pages
      421
    • Publisher
      東洋経済新報社
    • ISBN
      9784492444566
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Book] Dynamics of Dissent: Theorizing Movements for Inclusive Futures. Chapter 7 "Perspectives on Japan's Anti-Nuclear Movements: the Effectiveness of Social Movements?"2019

    • Author(s)
      熊谷奈緒子 John Clammer
    • Total Pages
      178
    • Publisher
      Routledge
    • ISBN
      9780367273224
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report

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Published: 2019-04-18   Modified: 2024-01-30  

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