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The unconscious processing of cheater detection and its counter actions.

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19K03384
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 10040:Experimental psychology-related
Research InstitutionSenshu University

Principal Investigator

Okubo Matia  専修大学, 人間科学部, 教授 (40433859)

Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Keywords裏切り / 意識と無意識 / 表情 / 笑顔 / 信頼感 / 意識 / 無意識 / 笑い / 社会的認知 / 瞳孔反応 / 無意識的処理 / 顔認知 / 動作 / 裏切り行為 / 非言語コミュニケーション / 眼球運動 / 裏切り検出 / 無意識的過程 / 顔の認知
Outline of Research at the Start

協調行動は裏切りがあると成り立たない。だからこそ我々は裏切りに厳しい。だが、邪な意図を巧みに隠蔽するものがおり、裏切り行為は無くならない。本研究では裏切りの隠蔽と検出に関する申請者の研究から生じた「裏切りシグナルの隠蔽やその検出は無意識的な過程か、それとも意識的か?」という疑問を検討する。コミュニケーションにおける時間的制約と人間の処理容量の限界から、裏切りの隠蔽と検出は無意識的な過程を反映するという仮説の立て、行動実験、眼球運動・瞳孔径測定などを駆使し、この仮説を実証的に検討する。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Cooperation is a universal feature of human society. However, mutual benefits from cooperation are at risk if there are cheaters or free riders during the cooperative interactions. The present study investigated the levels of consciousness for the dynamics of cheating in cooperative behavior. We have shown that cheaters in cooperative behavior use a fake smile to disguise their uncooperative attitude, improving facial trustworthiness. In this study, we measured the conscious level of such smiles. We found that cheaters unconsciously chose the most effective way to be perceived as trustworthy, using lateral posing biases and pupil dilations.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

協調行動の継続のためには裏切りを防止しなくてはならない。しかし、事前の防止は難しい。今回の結果でその理由の一端が明らかになった。裏切り者は信頼できるように見えるよう表情やポーズを無意識的にとっていた。果てには、意識的にコントロールできない瞳孔の散大まで行なっていることがわかった。これらが裏切りの検出を困難にしていると考えられる。裏切り意図の隠蔽に、裏切り者の無意識的な行動が寄与しているなら、本人の意図にかかわらずそのような行動をしていることになる。したがって、ルール等による規制では防止が困難である。今回、確認された行動特徴などを利用した裏切り防止のための方策を将来的に検討すべきであろう。

Report

(6 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Research-status Report
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • 2020 Research-status Report
  • 2019 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (55 results)

All 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (5 results) Journal Article (13 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 1 results,  Peer Reviewed: 13 results,  Open Access: 8 results) Presentation (36 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 17 results) Remarks (1 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Oslo(ノルウェー)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of the West of Scotland(英国)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Oslo(ノルウェー)

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Oslo(ノルウェー)

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Oslo(ノルウェー)

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] Reversing the reversed congruency effect: directional salience overrides social significance in a spatial Stroop task2024

    • Author(s)
      Tanaka Yoshihiko、Okubo Matia
    • Journal Title

      i-Perception

      Volume: 15 Issue: 2 Pages: 1-9

    • DOI

      10.1177/20416695241238692

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Perceiving social gaze produces the reversed congruency effect2024

    • Author(s)
      Ishikawa Kenta、Oyama Takato、Tanaka Yoshihiko、Okubo Matia
    • Journal Title

      Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

      Volume: Online ahead of print Issue: 1 Pages: 1-13

    • DOI

      10.1177/17470218241232981

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Smartphones and rightward collisions2023

    • Author(s)
      Okubo Matia
    • Journal Title

      Laterality

      Volume: 28 Issue: 4-6 Pages: 357-376

    • DOI

      10.1080/1357650x.2023.2250075

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Eye gaze is not unique: The reversed congruency effect on gaze and tongue targets2023

    • Author(s)
      Tanaka Yoshihiko、Ishikawa Kenta、Oyama Takato、Okubo Matia
    • Journal Title

      Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

      Volume: Online ahead of print Issue: 7 Pages: 1-13

    • DOI

      10.1177/17470218231203187

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] The look in your eyes: The role of pupil dilation in disguising the perception of trustworthiness2023

    • Author(s)
      Okubo Matia、Ishikawa Kenta、Oyama Takato、Tanaka Yoshihiko
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Trust Research

      Volume: - Issue: 1 Pages: 87-97

    • DOI

      10.1080/21515581.2023.2165090

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Face inversion does not affect the reversed congruency effect of gaze2022

    • Author(s)
      Tanaka Yoshihiko、Ishikawa Kenta、Oyama Takato、Okubo Matia
    • Journal Title

      Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

      Volume: - Issue: 3 Pages: 1-9

    • DOI

      10.3758/s13423-022-02208-8

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] The other-race effect in the uncanny valley2022

    • Author(s)
      Saneyoshi Ayako、Okubo Matia、Suzuki Hikaru、Oyama Takato、Laeng Bruno
    • Journal Title

      International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

      Volume: 166 Pages: 102871-102871

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.ijhcs.2022.102871

    • NAID

      130007820754

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Standing right: laterality of combat stance in Brazilian jiu-jitsu2022

    • Author(s)
      Okubo Matia
    • Journal Title

      ARCHIVES OF BUDO

      Volume: 18 Pages: 17-76

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] The development of the Japanese version of the Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire-Revised (WFQ-R)2022

    • Author(s)
      大久保 街亜, 田中 嘉彦, 鳥山 理恵, 石川 健太
    • Journal Title

      The Japanese journal of psychology

      Volume: 93 Issue: 3 Pages: 240-248

    • DOI

      10.4992/jjpsy.93.21218

    • ISSN
      0021-5236, 1884-1082
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Do you know your best side? Awareness of lateral posing asymmetries2021

    • Author(s)
      Okubo Matia、Oyama Takato
    • Journal Title

      Laterality

      Volume: 27 Issue: 1 Pages: 6-20

    • DOI

      10.1080/1357650x.2021.1938105

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] The malfunction of domain-specific attentional process in social anxiety: attentional process of social and non-social stimuli2021

    • Author(s)
      Ishikawa Kenta、Oyama Takato、Okubo Matia
    • Journal Title

      Cognition and Emotion

      Volume: 35 Issue: 6 Pages: 1163-1174

    • DOI

      10.1080/02699931.2021.1935217

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Filtered beauty in Oslo and Tokyo: A spatial frequency analysis of facial attractiveness2020

    • Author(s)
      Overvoll, Morten、Schettino Ilaria、Suzuki Hikaru、Okubo Matia、Laeng Bruno
    • Journal Title

      PLOS ONE

      Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Pages: e0227513-e0227513

    • DOI

      10.1371/journal.pone.0227513

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] 「コンピュータ&エデュケーション」と帰無仮説検定:統計手法の改革は進んでいるか?2019

    • Author(s)
      大久保街亜
    • Journal Title

      コンピュータ&エデュケーション

      Volume: 47 Pages: 12-17

    • NAID

      130007851259

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] The reversed Stroop effect can be triggered by the human and animal gaze but not the robot gaze2023

    • Author(s)
      Ishikawa, K., Oyama, T., Tanaka, Y., & Okubo, M.
    • Organizer
      The 64th annual meeting of Psychonomic Society
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Eye gaze is not special: The reversed spatial Stroop effect on the tongue and arrow targets.2023

    • Author(s)
      Tanaka, Y., Ishikawa, K., Oyama, T., & Okubo, M.
    • Organizer
      The 64th annual meeting of Psychonomic Society
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Comparison of competing hypotheses of gaze reversed congruency effect.2023

    • Author(s)
      Oyama, T., Ishikawa, K., Okubo, M.
    • Organizer
      The 64th annual meeting of Psychonomic Society
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] How are critical lures elicited by list items in the DRM Paradigm? Examining the interaction of associative strength and recall order.2023

    • Author(s)
      Kawasaki, Y., Ikeda, K., Reid, N., Sugimori, E., & Okubo, M.
    • Organizer
      The 64th annual meeting of Psychonomic Society
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] The mood-congruency effect of complex emotions: Investigating the role of patriotism2023

    • Author(s)
      Hong Sheng Lin & Matia Okubo
    • Organizer
      OPAM 2023
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Laterality of functional smiles and its relation to facial trustworthiness2023

    • Author(s)
      Okubo, M. & Ishikawa, K.
    • Organizer
      2023 International Neuropsychological Society Taiwan Meeting
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 視線逆ストループ効果の促進効果と抑制効果 口頭反応による中立条件の測定2023

    • Author(s)
      小山 貴士・田中 嘉彦・石川 健太・大久保 街亜
    • Organizer
      日本心理学会第87回大会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ヒト,動物,ロボットの視線に対する注意特性:社会的な関係性と逆空間ストループ効果2023

    • Author(s)
      石川健太・小山貴士・田中嘉彦・大久保街亜
    • Organizer
      日本心理学会第87回大会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 空間ストループ効果と逆空間ストループ効果の時間特性2023

    • Author(s)
      田中 嘉彦・石川 健太・小山 貴士・大久保 街亜
    • Organizer
      日本心理学会第87回大会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 絵文字の使用個数が対人印象に与える影響2023

    • Author(s)
      大橋怜奈 ・大久保街亜 ・岡村陽子
    • Organizer
      日本心理学会第87回大会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 顔に基づく信頼性判断の年齢関連差を媒介する認知的変数2023

    • Author(s)
      鈴木敦命 ・石川健太 ・大久保街亜
    • Organizer
      日本心理学会第87回大会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] スマートフォンと接触の左右差2023

    • Author(s)
      大久保街亜
    • Organizer
      電子情報通信学会ヒューマンコミュニケーション基礎 2023年5月研究会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ヒトとサカナの目 :視線刺激に対する注意特性2023

    • Author(s)
      石川健太・小山貴士・田中嘉彦・大久保街亜
    • Organizer
      電子情報通信学会ヒューマンコミュニケーション基礎 2023年5月研究会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 視線逆ストループ効果の反応時間分布 :2段階仮説による検討2023

    • Author(s)
      田中嘉彦・石川健太・小山貴士・大久保街亜
    • Organizer
      電子情報通信学会ヒューマンコミュニケーション基礎 2023年5月研究会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 視線逆ストループ効果の生起メカニズム2023

    • Author(s)
      小山貴士・田中嘉彦・石川健太・大久保街亜
    • Organizer
      電子情報通信学会ヒューマンコミュニケーション基礎 2023年5月研究会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Age-related improvement in face-based trustworthiness judgment: A comparison of younger, middle-aged, and older adults.2022

    • Author(s)
      Suzuki, A., Ishikawa, K., & Okubo, M.
    • Organizer
      The 63rd annual meeting of Psychonomic Society
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Are eyes special? The reversed spatial Stroop effect on gaze and tongue targets.2022

    • Author(s)
      Tanaka, Y., Ishikawa, K., Oyama, T., & Okubo, M.
    • Organizer
      The 63rd annual meeting of Psychonomic Society,
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Gaze cues trigger social facilitation.2022

    • Author(s)
      Oyama, T., Ishikawa, K., Okubo, M.
    • Organizer
      The 63rd annual meeting of Psychonomic Society
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Are you looking at me? Animal gaze produces the reversed spatial Stroop effect in spatial Stroop task.2022

    • Author(s)
      Ishikawa, K., Oyama, T., Tanaka, Y., & Okubo, M.
    • Organizer
      The 63rd annual meeting of Psychonomic Society
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 信頼できる表情における形態的特徴:信頼・裏切り・瞳孔散大2022

    • Author(s)
      大久保街亜・石川健太・小山貴士・田中嘉彦
    • Organizer
      電子情報通信学会ヒューマンコミュニケーション基礎 2022年5月研究会
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] さまざまな視線に対するヒトの注意特性2022

    • Author(s)
      石川健太・小山貴士・田中嘉彦・大久保街亜
    • Organizer
      電子情報通信学会ヒューマンコミュニケーション基礎 2022年5月研究会
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 視線手がかり課題における社会的促進.2022

    • Author(s)
      小山貴士・石川健太・大久保街亜
    • Organizer
      電子情報通信学会ヒューマンコミュニケーション基礎 2022年5月研究会
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 視線知覚におけるパーツベースの処理:視線空間ストループ課題による検討2022

    • Author(s)
      田中嘉彦・石川健太・小山貴士・大久保街亜
    • Organizer
      電子情報通信学会ヒューマンコミュニケーション基礎 2022年5月研究会
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 顔信頼性印象の正確性とメタ正確性の年齢関連差2022

    • Author(s)
      鈴木 敦命・石川 健太・大久保 街亜
    • Organizer
      日本心理学会第86回大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 視線手がかりが誘発するパフォーマンス向上.2022

    • Author(s)
      小山貴士・石川健太・大久保街亜
    • Organizer
      日本心理学会第86回大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 視線のパーツベース処理が逆空間ストループ効果を生じる 倒立顔効果による検討.2022

    • Author(s)
      田中嘉彦・石川健太・小山貴士・大久保街亜
    • Organizer
      日本心理学会第86回大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 視線は特別か?視線と舌による逆空間ストループ効果.2022

    • Author(s)
      田中嘉彦・石川健太・小山貴士・大久保街亜
    • Organizer
      日本心理学会第86回大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Eye Gaze Versus Head Orientation: The Role of Social Cues as a Target in a Spatial Stroop Task2021

    • Author(s)
      Yoshihiko Tanaka & Matia Okubo
    • Organizer
      The 62nd annual meeting of Psychonomic Society
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] The Deficiency of Attentional Processing of Social Stimuli in Social Anxiety2021

    • Author(s)
      Kenta Ishikawa, Takato Oyama, & Matia Okubo
    • Organizer
      The 62nd annual meeting of Psychonomic Society
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Gaze cueing and social facilitation2021

    • Author(s)
      Takato Oyama & Matia Okubo
    • Organizer
      The 62nd annual meeting of Psychonomic Society
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Bias towards trusting others is associated with insular activity before distrusting them2021

    • Author(s)
      Atsunobu Suzuki, Mika Ueno, Kenta Ishikawa, Akihiro Kobayashi, Matia Okubo, & Toshiharu Nakai
    • Organizer
      The 62nd annual meeting of Psychonomic Society
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 顔と名前の記銘に関する研究2021

    • Author(s)
      竹内愛彩・大久保街亜・岡村陽子
    • Organizer
      第45回日本高次脳機能障害学会学術総会
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Limited metacognitive awareness to the accuracy of face-based trait inference.2019

    • Author(s)
      Suzuki, A., Ueno, M., Ishikawa, K., Kobayashi, A., Okubo, M., & Nakai, T.
    • Organizer
      The 60th annual meeting of Psychonomic Society
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Working memory and texting while walking.2019

    • Author(s)
      Okubo, M
    • Organizer
      The 58th Annual Conference of Taiwan Psychological Association
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 不気味の谷現象と他人種効果:日本・ノルウェー間比較による検討2019

    • Author(s)
      実吉 綾子・鈴木 玄・小山 貴士・大久保 街亜・ラエン ブルーノ
    • Organizer
      日本心理学会第83回大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Cultural differences in child-rearing attitudes and their effects on obsessive-compulsive tendencies: Comparison between Korea and Japan2019

    • Author(s)
      Ahn, M. H., Okubo, M., Kunisato, Y. & Okamura, Y.
    • Organizer
      2019 Annual Conference of the Korean Psychological Association
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Remarks] 科学研究費

    • URL

      http://www3.psy.senshu-u.ac.jp/~mokubo/

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report

URL: 

Published: 2019-04-18   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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