| Budget Amount *help |
¥7,280,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,680,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥260,000 (Direct Cost: ¥200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥60,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
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| Research Abstract |
Findings were significantly different for graduate and undergraduate students. Three dominant themes emerged for graduate students: Forms of Participation, Patterns of Interaction, and Leveraging Institutional Resources. However, all of themes intersected with contextual variables, including the quantity of literacy demands required by different majors, institutional support, and individual personality differences, and ability to leverage socio-academic support networks to make up for gaps in knowledge and ability. Academic success was related not to English proficiency, intelligence, or effort. For undergraduates, a different picture emerged. Most belonged to local Japanese student organizations, and very active. In addition, undergraduates chose classes that required less literacy demands early in their studies. They also negotiated the terms of assignments and participation with professors.
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