Understanding starburst phenomena by ALMA wide-frequency band molecular line survey

• Project/Area Number: 21K03634
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 16010:Astronomy-related
• Research Institution: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
• Principal Investigator: 原田 ななせ 国立天文台, 科学研究部, 助教 (10785421)
• Project Period (FY): 2021-04-01 – 2024-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
• Budget Amount: ¥2,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥600,000); Fiscal Year 2023: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000); Fiscal Year 2022: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000); Fiscal Year 2021: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
• Keywords: 電波天文学 / 星間化学 / 銀河天文学 / スターバースト銀河 / ALMA / 近傍銀河 / 星形成 / 理論天文学

Outline of Research at the Start

銀河の中には星形成が非常に盛んである段階にあるスターバーストを経験している銀河がある。そうしたスターバーストは銀河進化の中でも重要な段階であるが、それを引き起こす条件や抑制する要素は分かっていない。本研究では、スターバーストとその抑制に寄与する物理条件を、星形成の材料である分子の化学組成から明らかにすることを目的とする。その為我々が行ったアルマ大型プログラムALCHEMI の超広周波数域、高感度のラインサーベイを用いる。この系外銀河の星間化学としては画期的な観測結果と分子の存在量を導き出す化学モデル計算から、近傍銀河で分子の性質によって多種の分子存在量がどう変わるかの理解を飛躍的に発展させる。

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

本研究では、爆発的星形成を起こしている銀河の中で、その非常に激しい星形成を可能にしている星の材料（＝星間ガス）はどういった物理条件をしているのか、また現在ある星はどのように将来の星形成に影響するのか、を解明することを目的にしている。それを調べるのに有効なのが星間化学である。本研究ではアルマ大型プログラムALCHEMIのデータを用い、近傍のスターバースト銀河NGC253の星間化学を調べる研究である。今年度はこれまでに行ってきたような個々の分子に着目した研究ではなく、サーベイ全体を見通した統計的研究を行うことに成功した。ALCHEMIサーベイで得られた分子輝線のうち分子輝線が他の輝線と混じっていない、150の画像に対して主成分分析(PCA)という手法を用い、どの物理条件がどう言った分子輝線に一番よく影響しているのかを調べることができた。逆に言えば、それぞれの物理条件を一番よくトレースする、トレーサー輝線を調べることができた。分子輝線に一番影響する要素は、分子ガスの総量が一番強く効くが、そのほかの物理条件としては、衝撃波の有無、若い星形成周りの高励起ガス、またはより発達した星形成周りの光乖離領域などが挙げられる。それらの物理条件にいちばん影響される輝線を用い、将来違った銀河で効率的に観測することが可能になることが期待される。ALCHEMIで得られた画像のデータも含め、上に述べた結果をまとめ上げたサーベイ論文の一つである論文を主著論文として出版した。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] 合同アルマ観測所(チリ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] 国立電波天文学観測所/ニューメキシコ工科大学(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] 台湾中央研究院天文及天文物理研究所(その他の国・地域)
• [Int'l Joint Research] オンサラ観測所／チャルマース工科大学(スウェーデン)
• [Int'l Joint Research] マックスプランク電波天文学研究所(ドイツ)
• [Int'l Joint Research]
• [Int'l Joint Research] Chalmers University of Technology(スウェーデン)
• [Int'l Joint Research] National Radio Astronomy Observatory/University of Virginia/New Mexico Inst. of Tech. and Mining(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy(ドイツ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Leiden University(オランダ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Joint ALMA Observatory(チリ)
• [Int'l Joint Research]
• [Int'l Joint Research] Joint ALMA observatory/European Southern Observatory(チリ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] National Radio Astronomy Observatory/University of Virginia/New Mexico Inst. of Mining and Tech.(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy/University of Bonn(ドイツ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Chalmers Institute of Technology(スウェーデン)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Leiden University(オランダ)
• [Int'l Joint Research]
• [Journal Article] The ALCHEMI Atlas: Principal Component Analysis Reveals Starburst Evolution in NGC 253 (2024)
  • Author(s): Harada N.、Meier D.、Martin S.、Muller S.、Sakamoto K.、Saito T.、Gorski M.、Henkel C.、Tanaka K.、Mangum J.、Aalto S.、Aladro R.、Bouvier M.、Colzi L.、Emig K.、Herrero-Illana R.、Huang K.-Y.、Kohno K.、Koenig S.、Nakanishi K.、Nishimura Y.、Takano S.、Rivilla V.、Viti S.、Watanabe Y.、van der Werf P.、Yoshimura Y.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Volume: 271 Issue: 2 Pages: 38-38
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ad1937
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] A spectacular galactic scale magnetohydrodynamic powered wind in ESO 320-G030 (2024)
  • Author(s): Gorski M. D.、Aalto S.、Konig S.、Wethers C. F.、Yang C.、Muller S.、Onishi K.、Sato M.、Falstad N.、Mangum J. G.、Linden S. T.、Combes F.、Martin S.、Imanishi M.、Wada K.、Barcos-Munoz L.、Stanley F.、Garcia-Burillo S.、van der Werf P. P.、Evans A. S.、Henkel C.、Viti S.、Harada N.、 et al.
  • Journal Title: Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume: 684 Pages: L11-L11
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202348821
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The ALMaQUEST Survey. XII. Dense Molecular Gas as Traced by HCN and HCO⁺ in Green Valley Galaxies (2024)
  • Author(s): Lin Lihwai、Pan Hsi-An、Ellison Sara L.、Harada Nanase、Jimenez-Donaire Maria J.、French K. Decker、Baker William M.、Hsieh Bau-Ching、Koyama Yusei、Lopez-Coba Carlos、Michiyama Tomonari、Rowlands Kate、Sanchez Sebastian F.、Thorp Mallory D.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 963 Issue: 2 Pages: 115-115
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad18b9
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Volume Density Structure of the Central Molecular Zone NGC 253 through ALCHEMI Excitation Analysis (2024)
  • Author(s): Tanaka K.、Mangum J. G.、Viti S.、Martin S.、Harada N.、Sakamoto K.、Muller S.、Yoshimura Y.、Nakanishi K.、Herrero-Illana R.、Emig K. L.、Muehle S.、Kaneko H.、Tosaki T.、Behrens E.、Rivilla V. M.、Colzi L.、Nishimura Y.、Humire P. K.、Bouvier M.、Huang K.-Y.、Butterworth J.、Meier D. S.、van der Werf P. P.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 961 Issue: 1 Pages: 18-18
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad0e64
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Physical Properties of the Southwest Outflow Streamer in the Starburst Galaxy NGC 253 with ALCHEMI (2024)
  • Author(s): Bao, M; Harada, N; Kohno, K; Yoshimura, Y; Egusa, F; Nishimura, Y; Tanaka, K; Nakanishi, K; Martin, S; Mangum, J; Sakamoto, K; Muller, S; et al.
  • Journal Title: Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume: 受理済
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] CON-quest II. Spatially and spectrally resolved HCN/HCO+ line ratios in local luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (2024)
  • Author(s): Nishimura, Y.; Aalto, S.; Gorski, M. D.; Konig, S. ; Onishi, K. ; Wethers, C. ; Yang, C.; Barcos-Munoz, L. ; Combes, F. ; Diaz-Santos, T. ; Gallagher, J. S. ; Garcia-Burillo, S. ; Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. ; Greve, T. R. ; Harada, N. ; Henkel, C. et al.
  • Journal Title: Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume: 受理済
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Molecular isotopologue measurements toward super star clusters and the relation to their ages in NGC253 with ALCHEMI (2024)
  • Author(s): Butterworth, J.; Viti, S.; Van der Werf, P. P.; Mangum, J. G.; Martin, S.; Harada, N.; Emig, K. L.; Muller, S.; Sakamoto, K.; Yoshimura, Y.; Tanaka, K.; Herrero-Illana, R.; Colzi, L.; Rivilla, V. M.; Huang, K. Y.; Bouvier, M.; Behrens, E.; Henkel, C.; Yan, Y. T.; Meier, D. S.; Zhou, D.
  • Journal Title: Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume: 受理済
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] A temperature or FUV tracer? The HNC/HCN ratio in M83 on the GMC scale (2024)
  • Author(s): Nanase Harada, Toshiki Saito, Yuri Nishimura, Yoshimasa Watanabe, Kazushi Sakamoto
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 受理済
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Molecular Abundance of the Circumnuclear Region Surrounding an Active Galactic Nucleus in NGC 1068 Based on an Imaging Line Survey in the 3 mm Band with ALMA (2023)
  • Author(s): Nakajima Taku、Takano Shuro、Tosaki Tomoka、Taniguchi Akio、Harada Nanase、Saito Toshiki、Imanishi Masatoshi、Nishimura Yuri、Izumi Takuma、Tamura Yoichi、Kohno Kotaro、Herbst Eric
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 955 Issue: 1 Pages: 27-27
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ace4c7
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Diverse Molecular Structures Across The Whole Star-Forming Disk of M83: High fidelity Imaging at 40pc Resolution (2023)
  • Author(s): Koda, Jin ; Hirota, Akihiko ; Egusa, Fumi ; Sakamoto, Kazushi ; Sawada, Tsuyoshi ; Heyer, Mark ; Baba, Junichi ; Boissier, Samuel ; Calzetti, Daniela ; Donovan Meyer, Jennifer ; Elmegreen, Bruce G. ; Gil de Paz, Armando ; Harada, Nanase et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: -
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Reconstructing the shock history in the CMZ of NGC 253 with ALCHEMI (2023)
  • Author(s): Huang, K. -Y. ; Viti, S. ; Holdship, J. ; Mangum, J. G. ; Marti;n, S. ; Harada, N. et al.
  • Journal Title: Astronomy and Astrophysics Volume: -
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Energizing Star Formation: The Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate in NGC 253 Derived from ALCHEMI Measurements of H3O+ and SO (2022)
  • Author(s): Holdship Jonathan、Mangum Jeffrey G.、Viti Serena、Behrens Erica、Harada Nanase、Martin Sergio、Sakamoto Kazushi、Muller Sebastien、Tanaka Kunihiko、Nakanishi Kouichiro、Herrero-Illana Ruben、Yoshimura Yuki、Aladro Rebeca、Colzi Laura、Emig Kimberly L.、Henkel Christian、Nishimura Yuri、他2名
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 931 Issue: 2 Pages: 89-89
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac6753
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Methanol masers in NGC 253 with ALCHEMI (2022)
  • Author(s): Humire P. K.、Henkel C.、Hernandez-Gomez A.、Martin S.、Mangum J.、Harada N.、Muller S.、Sakamoto K.、Tanaka K.、Yoshimura Y.、Nakanishi K.、Muehle S.、Herrero-Illana R.、Meier D. S.、Caux E.、Aladro R.、Mauersberger R.、Viti S.、Colzi L.、Rivilla V. M.、Gorski M.、Menten K. M.、Huang K.-Y.、Aalto S.、他2名
  • Journal Title: Astronomy and Astrophysics Volume: 663 Pages: A33-A33
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243384
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] AGN-driven Cold Gas Outflow of NGC 1068 Characterized by Dissociation-Sensitive Molecules (2022)
  • Author(s): Toshiki Saito, Shuro Takano, Nanase Harada, Taku Nakajima, Eva Schinnerer, Daizhong Liu, Akio Taniguchi, Takuma Izumi, Yumi Watanabe, Kazuharu Bamba, Kotaro Kohno, Yuri Nishimura, Sophia Stuber, Tomoka Tosaki
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 935 Issue: 2 Pages: 155-155
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac80ff
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] ALCHEMI Finds a “Shocking” Carbon Footprint in the Starburst Galaxy NGC 253 (2022)
  • Author(s): Harada Nanase、Martin Sergio、Mangum Jeffrey G.、Sakamoto Kazushi、Muller Sebastien、Rivilla Victor M.、Henkel Christian、Meier David S.、Colzi Laura、Yamagishi Mitsuyoshi、Tanaka Kunihiko、Nakanishi Kouichiro、Herrero-Illana Ruben、Yoshimura Yuki、Humire P. K.、Aladro Rebeca、van der Werf Paul P.、Emig Kimberly L.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 938 Issue: 1 Pages: 80-80
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac8dfc
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Tracing Interstellar Heating: An ALCHEMI Measurement of the HCN Isomers in NGC 253 (2022)
  • Author(s): Behrens Erica、Mangum Jeffrey G.、Holdship Jonathan、Viti Serena、Harada Nanase、Martin Sergio、Sakamoto Kazushi、Muller Sebastien、Tanaka Kunihiko、Nakanishi Kouichiro、Herrero-Illana Ruben、Yoshimura Yuki、Aladro Rebeca、Colzi Laura、Emig Kimberly L.、Henkel Christian、Huang Ko-Yun、Humire P. K.、他3名
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 939 Issue: 2 Pages: 119-119
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac91ce
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] First extragalactic detection of a phosphorus-bearing molecule with ALCHEMI: Phosphorus nitride (PN) (2022)
  • Author(s): Haasler D.、Rivilla V. M.、Martin S.、Holdship J.、Viti S.、Harada N.、Mangum J.、Sakamoto K.、Muller S.、Tanaka K.、Yoshimura Y.、Nakanishi K.、Colzi L.、Hunt L.、Emig K. L.、Aladro R.、Humire P.、Henkel C.、van der Werf P.
  • Journal Title: Astronomy and Astrophysics Volume: 659 Pages: A158-A158
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202142032
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The Kiloparsec-scale Neutral Atomic Carbon Outflow in the Nearby Type 2 Seyfert Galaxy NGC 1068: Evidence for Negative AGN Feedback (2022)
  • Author(s): Toshiki Saito, Shuro Takano, Nanase Harada, Taku Nakajima, Eva Schinnerer, Daizhong Liu, Akio Taniguchi, Takuma Izumi, Yumi Watanabe, Kazuharu Bamba, Eric Herbs, Kotaro Kohno, Yuri Nishimura, Sophia Stuber, Yoichi Tamura, and Tomoka Tosaki
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Letters Volume: 927 Issue: 2 Pages: L32-L32
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac59ae
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] APEX and NOEMA observations of H2S in nearby luminous galaxies and the ULIRG Mrk 231 (2022)
  • Author(s): Sato M. T.、Aalto S.、Kohno K.、Koenig S.、Harada N.、Viti S.、Izumi T.、Nishimura Y.、Gorski M.
  • Journal Title: Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume: 660 Pages: A82-A82
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202141260
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Starburst Energy Feedback Seen through HCO+/HOC+ Emission in NGC 253 from ALCHEMI (2021)
  • Author(s): Harada Nanase、Martin Sergio、Mangum Jeffrey G.、Sakamoto Kazushi、Muller Sebastien、Tanaka Kunihiko、Nakanishi Kouichiro、Herrero-Illana Rubin、Yoshimura Yuki、Muehle Stefanie、Aladro Rebeca、Colzi Laura、Rivilla Victor M.、Aalto Susanne、Behrens Erica、Henkel Christian、Holdship Jonathan、Humire P. K.他
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 923 Issue: 1 Pages: 24-24
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac26b8
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The distribution and origin of C2H in NGC 253 from ALCHEMI (2021)
  • Author(s): Holdship J.、Viti S.、Martin S.、Harada N.、Mangum J.、Sakamoto K.、Muller S.、Tanaka K.、Yoshimura Y.、Nakanishi K.、Herrero-Illana R.、Muehle S.、Aladro R.、Colzi L.、Emig K. L.、Garcia-Burillo S.、Henkel C.、Humire P.、Meier D. S.、Rivilla V. M.、van der Werf P.
  • Journal Title: Astronomy and Astrophysics Volume: 654 Pages: A55-A55
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202141233
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Towards the prediction of molecular parameters from astronomical emission lines using Neural Networks (2021)
  • Author(s): Barrientos Alejandro、Holdship Jonathan、Solar Mauricio、Martin Sergio、Rivilla Victor M.、Viti Serena、Mangum Jeff、Harada Nanase、Sakamoto Kazushi、Muller Sebastien、Tanaka Kunihiko、Yoshimura Yuki、Nakanishi Kouichiro、Herrero-Illana Ruben、Muehle Stefanie、Aladro Rebeca、Aalto Susanne, Henkel Christian他
  • Journal Title: Experimental Astronomy Volume: 52 Issue: 1-2 Pages: 157-182
  • DOI: 10.1007/s10686-021-09786-w
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] ALCHEMI, an ALMA Comprehensive High-resolution Extragalactic Molecular Inventory (2021)
  • Author(s): Martin S.、Mangum J. G.、Harada N.、Costagliola F.、Sakamoto K.、Muller S.、Aladro R.、Tanaka K.、Yoshimura Y.、Nakanishi K.、Herrero-Illana R.、Muehle S.、Aalto S.、Behrens E.、Colzi L.、Emig K. L.、Fuller G. A.、Garcia-Burillo S.、Greve T. R.、Henkel C.、Holdship J.、Humire P.、Hunt L.、Izumi T.、Kohno K.他
  • Journal Title: Astronomy and Astrophysics Volume: 656 Pages: A46-A46
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202141567
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Deeply Buried Nuclei in the Infrared-luminous Galaxies NGC 4418 and Arp 220. I. ALMA Observations at λ = 1.4-0.4 mm and Continuum Analysis (2021)
  • Author(s): Sakamoto Kazushi、Gonzalez-Alfonso Eduardo、Martin Sergio、Wilner David J.、Aalto Susanne、Evans Aaron S.、Harada Nanase
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 923 Issue: 2 Pages: 206-206
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac2746
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Deeply Buried Nuclei in the Infrared-luminous Galaxies NGC 4418 and Arp 220. II. Line Forests at λ = 1.4-0.4 mm and Circumnuclear Gas Observed with ALMA (2021)
  • Author(s): Sakamoto Kazushi、Martin Sergio、Wilner David J.、Aalto Susanne、Evans Aaron S.、Harada Nanase
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 923 Issue: 2 Pages: 240-240
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac29bf
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Molecular Cloud Evolution, Feedback, and Astrochemistry in Nearby Galaxies (2023)
  • Author(s): Nanase Harada
  • Organizer: New Eyes on the Universe: ngVLA and SKA
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] A statistical study of molecular emission in the starburst galaxy NGC 253 using PCA (2023)
  • Author(s): 原田ななせ, David Meier, Sergio Martin, Sebastian Muller, Toshiki Saito, ALCHEMI collaboration
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会春季年会
• [Presentation] Chemistry and molecular cloud properties in nearby galaxies (2022)
  • Author(s): 原田ななせ
  • Organizer: Physics and Chemistry of Star Formation The Dynamical ISM Across Time and Spatial Scales
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Chemical models for external galaxies (2022)
  • Author(s): 原田ななせ
  • Organizer: Molecules in Extreme Environments: Near and Far
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Proposing and managing the large program ALCHEMI (2022)
  • Author(s): 原田ななせ
  • Organizer: East Asian ALMA Science Workshop
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Remarks] 銀河の中の星工場―分子で見る繁忙期の製造ライン
  • URL: https://alma-telescope.jp/news/starfactory-202403?doing_wp_cron=1715159431.9163310527801513671875