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Understanding the gap between age-related brain atrophy and cognitive function

Research Project

Project/Area Number 21K17634
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Basic Section 59030:Physical education, and physical and health education-related
Research InstitutionNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

Principal Investigator

Ryota Asahara  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 情報・人間工学領域, 研究員 (90847584)

Project Period (FY) 2021-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥260,000 (Direct Cost: ¥200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥60,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥390,000 (Direct Cost: ¥300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥90,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥4,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥930,000)
Keywords脳萎縮 / 脳白質の統合性 / MRI / 認知機能 / 加齢 / 脳活動 / 脳血流量
Outline of Research at the Start

わが国では、認知症高齢者の急増が医療・社会的問題となっており、認知症の進行を抑制できる早期段階で発見することが求められている。認知症は認知機能検査や脳萎縮の程度から診断される。しかし、脳の萎縮と認知機能が対応しない高齢者が多く存在し、これが認知症の診断や早期発見を困難にしている原因の一つと考えられる。高齢者では、認知課題時の脳活動が若年者よりも高くなることが報告されており、脳の萎縮により生じうる機能低下を代償するためのメカニズムが働いていることが示唆される。そこで、本研究では、脳の構造と神経活動の統合的な評価から、脳の形態と認知機能の“不一致”を生み出すメカニズムの解明を目指す。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Dementia is diagnosed based on cognitive assessments and brain morphology, but there are many older people whose brain atrophy does not correspond to their cognitive function. The gap between the extent of brain atrophy and cognitive function may be one of the reasons why early detection of dementia is difficult. The purpose of this study was to clarify the “discrepancy” between brain morphology and cognitive function. Brain morphometry data of 50 cognitively healthy older (HO) adults and 50 older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) revealed that the degree of brain atrophy was not significantly different between HO and MCI adults, except for some regions such as the hippocampus. On the other hand, brain activity and cerebral blood flow dynamics during cognitive tasks were different between HO and MCI adults. These results suggest that brain activity and cerebral blood flow dynamics may explain the “discrepancy” between brain morphology and cognitive function.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究により、脳萎縮が引き起こしうる認知機能低下を抑止するための、残存している脳神経の活動亢進という新たな認知機能制御のメカニズムが解明された。本研究成果は、脳の萎縮と認知機能の“不一致”を説明する基礎的メカニズムの解明のみならず、脳の構造と活動の評価により、認知症の前段階である軽度認知障害と診断されるよりもさらに早い段階で、認知機能低下の兆候を検出することにもつなげられる可能性がある。これは、認知症の進行を抑制する薬剤や運動などの早期介入による効果の最大化、ひいては健康寿命の延伸につなげられることが期待出来る。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Research-status Report
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (9 results)

All 2024 2023 2022 2021

All Journal Article (5 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 3 results,  Peer Reviewed: 4 results,  Open Access: 1 results) Presentation (4 results)

  • [Journal Article] Prefrontal oxygenation is quantified with time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy: effect of sex on baseline oxygenation and the response during exercise2023

    • Author(s)
      Ryota Asahara, Kanji Matsukawa.
    • Journal Title

      Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol

      Volume: 325 Issue: 1 Pages: R31-R44

    • DOI

      10.1152/ajpregu.00048.2023

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 運動から認知を予測する2023

    • Author(s)
      浅原亮太、石井圭、小林吉之、小峰秀彦
    • Journal Title

      理学療法

      Volume: 40(9) Pages: 835-843

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Respiratory Monitoring by Ultrafast Humidity Sensors with Nanomaterials: A Review2022

    • Author(s)
      Shinya Kano, Nutpaphat Jarulertwathana, Syazwani Mohd-Noor, Jerome K. Hyun, Ryota Asahara, Harutaka Mekaru
    • Journal Title

      Sensors

      Volume: 22 Issue: 3 Pages: 1251-1251

    • DOI

      10.3390/s22031251

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Regional difference in prefrontal oxygenation before and during overground walking in humans: a wearable multichannel NIRS study2022

    • Author(s)
      Asahara Ryota、Ishii Kei、Liang Nan、Hatanaka Yukari、Hihara Kei、Matsukawa Kanji
    • Journal Title

      American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology

      Volume: 322 Issue: 1 Pages: R28-R40

    • DOI

      10.1152/ajpregu.00192.2021

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Central command-related increases in blood velocity of anterior cerebral artery and prefrontal oxygenation at the onset of voluntary tapping2021

    • Author(s)
      Kanji Matsukawa, Ryota Asahara, Minami Uzumaki, Yoshiki Hashiguchi, Kei Ishii, Jijia Wang, Scott A Smith
    • Journal Title

      Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol

      Volume: 321 Issue: 3 Pages: H518-H531

    • DOI

      10.1152/ajpheart.00062.2021

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Acute effect of moderate aerobic exercise on the cerebral neural activity during task switching in healthy young and older adults: A randomized crossover study2024

    • Author(s)
      Ryota Asahara, Marina Fukuie, Daisuke Hoshi, Jun Sugawara, Takashi Tarumi
    • Organizer
      日本生理学会第101回大会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Prefrontal oxygenation was quantified with a time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy: effect of sex on baseline oxygenation at rest and the response during exercise2023

    • Author(s)
      Ryota Asahara
    • Organizer
      日本生理学会第100回記念大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 認知機能が低下した高齢ドライバーの特徴2021

    • Author(s)
      浅原亮太、伊﨑翼、石井圭、小峰秀彦、北﨑智之、赤松幹之、新井哲明、鶴嶋英夫
    • Organizer
      自動車技術会 2021年秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 軽度認知障害者における体幹加速度から得られる歩行指標の特徴2021

    • Author(s)
      浅原亮太、石井圭、伊﨑翼、小林吉之、小峰秀彦
    • Organizer
      第42回バイオメカニズム学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report

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Published: 2021-04-28   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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