• Search Research Projects
  • Search Researchers
  • How to Use
  1. Back to previous page

Application of Electromigrated Au Nanogaps to Artificial Synaptic Devices and Physical Reservoir Computing

Research Project

Project/Area Number 21K18713
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Medium-sized Section 21:Electrical and electronic engineering and related fields
Research InstitutionTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

Principal Investigator

Shirakashi Jun-ichi  東京農工大学, 工学(系)研究科(研究院), 教授 (00315657)

Project Period (FY) 2021-07-09 – 2023-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help
¥6,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥2,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥600,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥3,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥900,000)
KeywordsAuナノギャップ / 人工シナプス / シナプス可塑性 / 物理リザバー / リザバーコンピューティング / シナプス素子
Outline of Research at the Start

RCは学習時の結合重みの更新要素が少ないため、学習コストの低減や実装の容易さが特徴となる。リザバー層を物理的な非線形素子として実装することで、学習時の高負荷な非線形演算処理を物理系ダイナミクスの振る舞いに委ねることができる。よって、物理RCは、高効率な機械学習マシンとして極めて有望であり、自然の摂理に倣う(習う)ナチュラルコンピューティングを体現している。本研究は、単純なMetal/Insulator/Metal構造で高抵抗型の非線形素子としてAuナノギャップを提案し、その物理ダイナミクスとして量子力学的トンネル効果を用いる。集積化が容易なAuナノギャップを用いた物理RCとそのハードウェア実装を目指す。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The reservoir computing (RC) scheme, which employs the inherent computational capabilities of dynamical systems, is a key technology to implement artificial intelligence systems physically. Ensuring the nonlinear expansion of input data through the dynamics of physical systems is a necessary aspect of RC. In this study, we developed artificial synapses of Au nanogaps by using the “activation” technique, which allowed the implementation of synaptic functions such as short-term plasticity, long-term plasticity, and spike-timing-dependent plasticity. Furthermore, the memory property of the Au nanogap, using activation for RC, was evaluated via short-term memory (STM) and parity check (PC) tasks. This demonstrates that the dynamic process of the activation technique enables the Au nanogap-based reservoir to process information directly in the temporal domain. The experimental results can facilitate the development of compact devices to realize physical RC.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

リザバーコンピューティングは従来のリカレントニューラルネットワークに比べて学習時での結合重みの更新要素が少ないため、学習コストの低減が特徴となる。よって、Auナノギャップを用いた物理リザバーコンピューティングは、ハードウェア実装や演算アルゴリズムの観点から高効率な機械学習マシンが実現可能と考えられ、自然の摂理に倣う(習う)ナチュラルコンピューティングを体現している。本研究は、Auナノギャップで発現する量子力学的トンネル効果をダイナミクスとして用いる。集積化が容易なAuナノギャップを用いた物理リザバーコンピューティングは世界でも例がなく、そのハードウェア実装はユニークで挑戦的な課題と考えられる。

Report

(3 results)
  • 2022 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (12 results)

All 2022 2021

All Journal Article (6 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 5 results,  Open Access: 1 results) Presentation (6 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 6 results,  Invited: 1 results)

  • [Journal Article] Multiple Connected Artificial Synapses Based on Electromigrated Au Nanogaps2022

    • Author(s)
      K. Sakai, M. Yagi, M. Ito and J. Shirakashi
    • Journal Title

      J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B

      Volume: 40 Issue: 5 Pages: 053202-053202

    • DOI

      10.1116/6.0002081

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Mimicking of Thermal Spin Dynamics by Controlling Sparsity of Interactions in Ising Spin Computing with Digital Logic Circuits2022

    • Author(s)
      A. Yoshida, T. Miki, M. Shimada, Y. Yoneda and J. Shirakashi
    • Journal Title

      Appl. Phys. Express

      Volume: 15 Issue: 6 Pages: 067002-067002

    • DOI

      10.35848/1882-0786/ac6b84

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Variational Ansatz Preparation to Avoid CNOT-Gates on Noisy Quantum Devices for Combinatorial Optimizations2022

    • Author(s)
      T. Miki, R. Okita, M. Shimada, D. Tsukayama and J. Shirakashi
    • Journal Title

      AIP Advances

      Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 035247-035247

    • DOI

      10.1063/5.0077706

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Memory Properties of Electromigrated Au Nanogaps to Realize Reservoir Computing2021

    • Author(s)
      K. Sakai, M. Yagi, M. Ito and J. Shirakashi
    • Journal Title

      Appl. Phys. Lett.

      Volume: 119 Issue: 8 Pages: 084101-084101

    • DOI

      10.1063/5.0055352

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Combinatorial Optimization with Variational Approaches on Noisy Quantum Devices2021

    • Author(s)
      T. Miki, R. Okita, M. Shimada and J. Shirakashi
    • Journal Title

      Conference Proceedings, 2021 IEEE International Conference on Manipulation, Manufacturing and Measurement on the Nanoscale (3M-NANO)

      Volume: - Pages: 214-217

    • DOI

      10.1109/3m-nano49087.2021.9599740

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 論理ゲートイジング計算機における交換相互作用のスパース化によるスピン更新手法2021

    • Author(s)
      吉田朝輝、三木司、島田萌絵、米田優里、白樫淳一
    • Journal Title

      電子情報通信学会技術研究報告

      Volume: 121 Pages: 27-30

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Reservoir Computing-Based Real-Time Prediction for Quantized Conductance of Au Atomic Junctions2022

    • Author(s)
      Y. Shimada, M. Shimada, T. Miki and J. Shirakashi
    • Organizer
      17th IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference (IEEE NMDC 2022), November 18-20, 2022, Nanjing, China. (in Combination with Online Conference)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Experimental Evaluation of Performance Improvement by Sparse Operation in Ising Spin Computing2022

    • Author(s)
      A. Yoshida, T. Miki, M. Shimada, Y. Yoneda and J. Shirakashi
    • Organizer
      17th IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference (IEEE NMDC 2022), November 18-20, 2022, Nanjing, China. (in Combination with Online Conference)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Efficient Ground-State Searches by Scheduling Sparsity of Interactions of Physical Spin Dynamics for Ising Spin Computing2022

    • Author(s)
      A. Yoshida, T. Miki, M. Shimada, Y. Yoneda and J. Shirakashi
    • Organizer
      2022 IEEE International Conference on Manipulation, Manufacturing and Measurement on the Nanoscale (IEEE 3M-NANO 2022), August 8-12, 2022, Tianjin, China. (in Combination with Online Conference)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Application of Electromigrated Au Nanogaps to Artificial Synaptic Devices and Physical Reservoir Computing2021

    • Author(s)
      K. Sakai and J. Shirakashi
    • Organizer
      2021 Asia-Pacific Workshop on Fundamentals and Applications of Advanced Semiconductor Devices (AWAD 2021), August 26-27, 2021, Virtual. (Online Conference)
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Hybridization of Spin Decision Logics for Ising Machine with Logic Circuits2021

    • Author(s)
      T. Miki, A. Yoshida, M. Shimada and J. Shirakashi
    • Organizer
      21st IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE NANO 2021), July 28-31, 2021, Virtual Format. (Online Conference)
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Sparsifying Connected Spins in Majority Voting Method of Ising Spin Computing Based on Logic Gates2021

    • Author(s)
      A. Yoshida, T. Miki, M. Shimada, Y. Yoneda and J. Shirakashi
    • Organizer
      2021 International Conference on Nanoscience & Technology (ICN+T 2021), July 12-15, 2021, Virtual Event. (Online Conference)
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research

URL: 

Published: 2021-07-13   Modified: 2024-01-30  

Information User Guide FAQ News Terms of Use Attribution of KAKENHI

Powered by NII kakenhi