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Cryogenic microjet/transpiration cooling for reentry heat shield

Research Project

Project/Area Number 21K18779
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Medium-sized Section 24:Aerospace engineering, marine and maritime engineering, and related fields
Research InstitutionNagoya University

Principal Investigator

Kinefuchi Kiyoshi  名古屋大学, 工学研究科, 准教授 (90648502)

Project Period (FY) 2021-07-09 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥6,370,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,470,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥3,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥900,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Keywords極低温流体 / 気液二相流 / 再突入 / 宇宙輸送 / 極低温推進剤 / 液体水素 / 再使用宇宙輸送機 / 極超音速飛行 / トランスピレーション / 空力加熱 / 再突入熱防護
Outline of Research at the Start

次世代の宇宙輸送機は熱防護の革新なくして実現し得ない。本研究では宇宙輸送機に搭載される極低温燃料を利用したマイクロ流路によるジェット生成とトランスピレーション(浸み出し)による再突入時の新たな機体冷却法を提案する。水と液体窒素を用いた模擬実験を通し、所定のジェット生成条件や、高温壁過熱度に対するジェット衝突による気泡除去・核沸騰維持の成立条件を見出し、We数、Bo数に加え伝熱・相変化に関する新たな理論的評価軸を提案する。本研究を通し従来の熱防護手法を転換、独自の技術を獲得し世界を先導する完全再使用の宇宙輸送機を実現する。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

In this study, regarding thermal protection during re-entry, which is a major issue for reusable space transportation systems, we propose fluid cooling using cryogenic liquids such as liquid hydrogen carried as propellants, instead of conventional heat-resistant materials. We adopt microchannels with a large internal wetted surface area, which are expected to have high cooling efficiency. However, due to the small channels, surface tension may dominate, and vapor film growth may reduce cooling efficiency. Therefore, we devised a method of impinging liquid jets onto the heated surface to promote the removal of vapor films. Through fundamental experiments, we found conditions for vapor film removal based on the Weber number. Based on this, we additively fabricated a metal test module and conducted a cooling experiment using liquid nitrogen. Compared to quasi porous structure, we confirmed that the proposed microjets halved the cooling time under large We number conditions.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

従来の多孔質材に対する提案するマイクロジェット方式の優位性の実証を通し,未だ実現されていない宇宙輸送機の「完全」再使用への貢献の可能性を示すことができた.また,ロケットエンジン等の過酷な熱流束に曝される機器の熱防護にも応用できる.例えばタービン翼の冷却等に採用することにより,発電効率の向上,脱炭素への貢献も期待される.

Report

(4 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Research-status Report
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (6 results)

All 2024 2023 2022

All Journal Article (2 results) Presentation (4 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 1 results)

  • [Journal Article] Onboard Cryogenic Liquid-Propellant Subcooler Based on Thermodynamic Vent for Upper-Stage Propulsion System2024

    • Author(s)
      Banno Yuya、Kinefuchi Kiyoshi
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

      Volume: ー Issue: 4 Pages: 1-11

    • DOI

      10.2514/1.a35888

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Comparison of vapor cooling characteristics of a triply periodic minimal surface and other channel geometries2023

    • Author(s)
      FUKUZAKI Toshiya、KINEFUCHI Kiyoshi、UMEMURA Yutaka、OKITA Koichi、SAKAI Hitoshi
    • Journal Title

      Mechanical Engineering Journal

      Volume: 10 Issue: 3 Pages: 23-00015-23-00015

    • DOI

      10.1299/mej.23-00015

    • ISSN
      2187-9745
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 再突入熱防護に向けた極低温液体マイクロジェット冷却の性能評価2024

    • Author(s)
      別府玲緒,米田景,杵淵紀世志,梅村悠,小林弘明,酒井仁史,樋口官男
    • Organizer
      宇宙輸送シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 極低温マイクロジェット冷却による再突入熱防護の模擬実験2023

    • Author(s)
      別府玲緒,米田景,近藤奨一郎,杵淵紀世志,梅村悠,小林弘明
    • Organizer
      宇宙科学技術連合講演会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Onboard Cryogenic Propellant Subcooler for Launch Vehicles Using Joule-Thomson Device2023

    • Author(s)
      Kiyoshi Kinefuchi, Yuya Banno
    • Organizer
      CEC-ICMC 2023, 27th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference and International Cryogenic Materials Conference
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 極低温マイクロジェット/トランスピレーションによる熱防護の最適設計2022

    • Author(s)
      近藤奨一郎,別府玲緒,杵淵紀世志,梅村悠,小林弘明
    • Organizer
      宇宙科学技術連合講演会
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report

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Published: 2021-07-13   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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