2019 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Identification of diseases harboring abnormalities in LipoQuality and clarification of molecular mechanisms therein
Project Area | Quality of lipids in biological systems |
Project/Area Number |
15H05905
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Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)
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Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
Review Section |
Biological Sciences
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Research Institution | Kumamoto University |
Principal Investigator |
Sugimoto Yukihiko 熊本大学, 大学院生命科学研究部(薬), 教授 (80243038)
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Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
村上 誠 東京大学, 大学院医学系研究科(医学部), 教授 (60276607)
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Project Period (FY) |
2015-06-29 – 2020-03-31
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Keywords | プロスタグランジン / ホスホリパーゼA2 / プロスタノイド / 脂質メディエーター / GPCR / ω3脂肪酸 / 脂肪分解 / 疾患マーカー |
Outline of Final Research Achievements |
In this study, in order to elucidate the roles of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and prostaglandin (PG) receptors in diseases and the molecular mechanisms therein, we analyzed disease-like phenotypes in PLA2- or PG receptor-knockout mice. 1) We clarified the crystal structure of human EP4 and found that EP4 has a ligand access pocket opening toward plasma membrane. 2) We found that particular PG receptors are involved in myocyte reprogramming and gut microbiota-related responses in a lipoquality-dependent manner. 3) In white adipose tissues, PGE2 produced via PNPLA2/COX-1 by acting on EP4 receptor facilitates basal lipolysis and fat accumulation in liver.
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Free Research Field |
生化学・分子生物学
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Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
各PG受容体がⅡ型糖尿病や肝がんなど、従来知られていなかった疾患発症に関わること、またその作用機序を同定したことは、医学・生理学の広範な研究分野に大きなインパクトを与えた。またPG受容体の結晶構造を世界で初めて明らかにし、ω鎖をはじめPG骨格認識部位を同定することで受容体を標的とした創薬を加速するものである。
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