1992 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
The use of chitin and chitosan for the improvement of durability performance of wood and biological activity function in trees
| Project/Area Number |
02454075
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Field |
林産学
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| Research Institution | Tottori University |
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Principal Investigator |
SAKUNO Tomoyasu Tottori Univ., Fac. Agric. Professor, 農学部, 教授 (10032567)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
KAWADA Toshinari Tottori Univ., Fac. Agric. Research Assoc., 農学部, 助手 (40214655)
FURUKAWA Ikuo Tottori Univ., Fac. Agric. Assoc. Prof., 農学部, 助教授 (50032313)
HASHIZUME Hayato Tottori Univ., Fac. Agric. Professor, 農学部, 教授 (60032075)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1990 – 1992
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| Keywords | chitin / chitosan / chitosan oligosaccharides / wood decay resistance / preservative treatment / light discoloration resistance / tree physiological activity / hydroponics |
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| Research Abstract |
Fundamental research on the improvement of wood decay resistance and durability of wood surface using chitin and chitosan, specifically chitosan and the action of chitosan oligosaccharides in promoting physiological activity in trees was conducted. The results are as follows.
1. Stepwise breakdown of polymeric chitosan by acid hydrolysis method lead to the success in the preparation of low molecular weight chitosan and chitosan-oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization (D.P.) of 2-9. On the other hand, a new ON-type disaccharide which affects physiological activity was synthesized from D-glucosamine, the structural unit of chitosan. Further, using this as the repeating unit, a method for synthesizing chitosan oligosaccharides with definite D.P. was established.
2. Using the hardwood shirakanba and the conifer hinoki in conducting hydroponic culture, the investigation of the effect of chitosan-oligosaccharides was made. From the experiment on hydroponic solutions added with chitosan
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oligosaccharides, it was ascertained that at extremely micro-amount, chitosan-oligosaccharides posses physiological activity. The results showed that in respective seedlings, chitosan-oligosaccharide of specific D.P. atspecific concentration has either growth-promoting or inhibiting effect.
3. Upon the application of high and low molecular weight chitosan on wood surface, there was a marked improvement in the decay resistance, bond durability and resistance to light discoloration.
4. It was proved that the decay resistance performance was improved by pre-treating wood with chitosan followed by treatment with extremely small amount of commercial preservative. It was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray analysis that micro-amount of preservative components were distributed in the chitosan membrane. It is thought that chitosan membrane prevented hyphal invasion resulting to improved preservative performance.
From the results discussed above, it was confirmed that chitosan and chitosan-oligosaccharides are effective in improving the durability performance of wood and the physiological activity of trees. Less
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