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1993 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary

Changes in the environment and civilization in Turkey, Syria

Research Project

Project/Area Number 03041092
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
SectionField Research
Research InstitutionInternational Research Center for Japanese Studies

Principal Investigator

YASUDA Yoshinori  Associate Professor, International Research Center for Japanese Studies, 研究部, 助教授 (50093828)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) YAINTUS Ahmet  Associate Professor, Faculty of Science Ege University, 理学部(トルコ), 助教授
KITAGAWA Hiroyuki  Research Assistant International Research Center for Japanese Studies, 研究部, 助手 (00234245)
TAKAHASHI Manabu  Associate Professor, Faculty of Literature Ritsumeikan University, 文学部, 助教授 (80236322)
INOUE Katsuhiro  Professor, Faculty of Agriculture Iwate University, 農学部, 教授 (30035109)
KASHIMA Kaoru  Associate Professor, Faculty of General Education, Kyushu University, 教養部, 助教授 (90192533)
MITAMURA Osamu  Osakakyoiku University, 助教授 (50030458)
TABATA Hideo  Associate Professor Ecological Research Center, Kyoto University, 生態研センター, 助教授 (20025373)
NISHIMURA Tsuguo  Professor, Faculty of General Education Aichigakuin University, 教養部, 教授 (70167568)
NARUSE Toshiro  Professor, Hyogo University of Teacher Education, 教授 (60033510)
YAMAORI Tetsuo  Professor, International Research Center for Japanese Studies, 研究部, 教授 (40102686)
Project Period (FY) 1991 – 1993
KeywordsTurkey and Syria / Climatic changes / Pollen analysis / Radiocarbon dating / Lebanon cedar / Forest destruction / Noah Flood / Civilization
Research Abstract

The results of pollen, diatom and geochemical analyses and radiocarbon dating of the soil samples taken from the lakes and marshes cleared the following new facts in the history of environment and civilizations in Turkey and Syria.
1)The vast step composed of Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia expanded during the glacial period in Turkey and Syria.
2)The lake level such as Lake Tuz during the glacial period was more than 20m higher than that of the present.
3)The plant cultivation started in such kind of extensive grass land.
4)The forest mainly composed of Quercus and Cedrus expanded after 10,000 years BP, indicating the climatic amelioration. The nitrogen and organic carbon contents in the lake deposit also increased.
5)The olive cultivation began at 8000 years BP in the Ghave valley, northwest Syria. This evidence of the olive cultivation is the oldest record in the world.
6)A major climatic change occurred at 5000 years BP. Cold and wet climate caused the big flood compared with Noah in the Old Testament.
7)Lebanon cedar in the mountain of the northwest Syria was completely cleared until 4000 years BP.
8)There was second major climatic changes at 3200 years BP. This climatic change gave the fatal blow to the decline of the Hittite Empire in Turkey.
9)The soil erosion and deterioration which were accelerated by the forest destruction were also major factors of the decline of ancient civilizations in Turkey and Syria.
10)The ancient harbors such as Miletos and Pliene were filled up by the alluvial deposits and the harbors were abandoned by the shift of river course of the Biyuku Menderes.
11)It is cleared that rise and fall of the ancient civilizations in Turkey and Syria were suffered by the environmental changes such as climate changes and the natural environment, especially the forest, was severely destructed by the development of civilizations in Turkey and Syria.

  • Research Products

    (24 results)

All Other

All Publications (24 results)

  • [Publications] 成瀬敏郎: "カマン・カレホユックの地形環境(1)" アナトリア考古学研究. III. 55-66 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 高橋学: "エ-ゲ海沿岸における臨海平野の地形環境" 立命館地理学. 6. 1-20 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 鹿島薫: "Living Diatoms of Inland Lakes in the Central Part of Turkey" 九州大学教養部地学研究報告. 30. 1-28 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 北川浩之: "A batch preparation method of graphite targets with low back-ground for AMS^<14>C measurements" Radiocarbon. 35. 295-300 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 安田喜憲: "気候変動と民族移動" 埴原和郎編『日本人と日本文化の形成』(朝倉書店). 231-257 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 安田喜憲: "オリーブ栽培の起源と発展" 佐々木高明編『農耕の技術と文化』(集英社). 503-528 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 安田喜憲: "蛇と十字架" 人文書院, 284 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 安田喜憲: "森と文明" 日本放送出版協会, 164 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 安田喜憲: "気候が文明を変える" 岩波書店, 116 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 安田喜憲: "森の文明・循環の思想" 講談社, 244 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 安田喜憲: "草原の思想・森の哲学" 講談社, 251 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 安田喜憲: "日本文化の風土" 朝倉書店, 206 (1992)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] NARUSE Toshiro: "Geomorphological environment of Kalehoyuk, Kaman(1)" Kaman-Kalehoyuk. 3. 55-66 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] TAKAHASHI Manabu: "Geo-environment in recent alluvial plains of the Aegean Region" The Jour. Ritsumeikan Geographical Society. 6. 1-20 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] KASHIMA Kaoru: "Living diatoms of Inland lakes in the central part of Turkey" Rep. Earth Science, Col. Gen. Education, Kyushu Univ.30. 1-28 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] KITAGAWA Hiroyuki: "A batch preparation method of graphite targets with low background for AMS14C measurements." Radiocarbon. 35. 295-300 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] YASUDA Yoshinori: "Climatic changes and racial migrations" "The formation of the Japanese and Japanese culture" ed. Hanihara, K.Asakura Shoten. 231-257 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] YASUDA Yoshinori: "The origin and development of olive cultivation" "The skill and culture of cultivation" ed. by Sasaki, K.Shueisha. 503-528 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] YASUDA Yoshinori: Jinbunshoin. Snake and Cross, 1-284 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] YASUDA Yoshinori: NHK Publication. Forest and Civilization, 1-164 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] YASUDA Yoshinori: Iwanamishoten. Climate and Civilization, 1-116 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] YASUDA Yoshinori: Kodansha. Forest Civilization and circulatory thought, 1-244 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] YASUDA Yoshinori: Kodansha. Grassy thought and Forest philosophy, 1-251 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] YASUDA Yoshinori: Asakurashoten. Fudo of the Japanese Culture, 1-206 (1992)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より

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Published: 1995-02-07  

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