1993 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

植物における老化の機構に関する分子生物学的・細胞生物学的研究

Research Project

Project/Area Number	03304005
Research Institution	The University of Tokyo
Principal Investigator	渡辺昭東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 教授 (70023471)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	前忠彦東北大学, 農学部, 助教授 (60134029) 加藤栄東邦大学, 理学部, 教授 (50011515) 今関英雅名古屋大学, 農学部, 教授 (90023431) 大隅良典東京大学, 教養学部, 助教授 (30114416) 石井龍一東京大学, 農学部, 教授 (00011958)
Keywords	老化 / 植物の老化 / 光合成 / 葉緑体 / 窒素の転流 / cDNAクローニング / 遺伝子発現 / エチレン
Research Abstract	老化にともなって緑葉のCO_2の拡散抵抗が上昇し、全抵抗の10-20%を占める輸送抵抗は一定の値を維持すること(石井)、被陰による老化に伴う光合成能の低下が光条件にたいする順化現象としてとらえられることを明らかにした(加藤)。緑葉の老化では葉緑体タンパク質、とくにRuBisCOが減少することが知られているが、その大サブユニットの分解産物を検出することに成功した(前)。老化に類似した細胞死の起こる管状要素分化の過程で特異的に現れるタンパク質分解酵素のcDNA単離に成功した(福田)。分解されたタンパク質の窒素の転流に関与するグルタミン合成酵素遺伝子群の発現が細かく検討され、それぞれの遺伝子について異なった調節機構が存在することを示唆し(渡辺)、若い組織においてNADH依存性グルタミン酸合成酵素が転流窒素の再利用に働いていることを明らかにした(山谷)。老化に関連すると考えられるdin1遺伝子のプロモーターに作用するタンバク質の存在が確認された(安積)。イネの非黄化変異体の遺伝子単離に向けてRFLPマッピングの準備が進んだ(川崎)。クロロフィルの退色の前に液胞膜のピロリン酸依存性のH^+輸送と膜の流動性が低下すること(笠毛)、糖に対する液胞膜の透過性の変化が果実における糖の蓄積に働いていることを明らかにした(山木)。メロン果実の成熟に必要なエチレン合成系酵素としてACCオキシダーゼおよびACC合成酵素のcDNAを単離し(佐藤)、トマトでは追熟型ACC合成酵素遺伝子の発現によって追熟が進行し、細胞接着が緩むことが傷害信号となってさらに傷害型遺伝子が発現することを明らかにした(今関)。離層細胞におけるジャスモン酸の存在、およびジャスモン酸によるセルラーゼの合成促進を確認した(上田)。

Research Products
(33 results)

All Other

All Publications (33 results)

[Publications] Konishi,T.Watanabe,A.: "Transport of proteins into the thylakoid lumen-Stromal processing and energy requirements for the import of the precursor to the 23-kDa protein" Plant Cell Physiol. 34. 315-319 (1993)
[Publications] Konishi,T.Maruta,Y.Shinohara,K.Watanabe,A: "Transit peptides of thylakoid luminal proteins:the sites of stromal processing are conserved among higher plants" Plant Cell Physiol. 34. 1081-1087 (1993)
[Publications] Kawakami,N. Watanabe,A.: "Translatable mRNA for chloroplast-targeted proteins of detached radish cotyledons senescing in the dark" Plant Cell Physiol. 34. 697-704 (1993)
[Publications] Watanabe,A.: "植物はなぜ枯れるのか-その仕組みと意義" 日本の科学と技術. 34. 32-37 (1993)
[Publications] 加藤栄: "Acclimation and senescence of leaves:Their role in canopy Photosynthesis." Photosynthetic Responses to the Environment.H.Y.Yamamoto & C.M.Smith,eds.1-13 (1993)
[Publications] 加藤栄: "Effects of light,nutrient and age on distribution of nitrogen in leaves of a vine grown horizontally to avoid mutual shading." Oecologia. (in press).
[Publications] Junichi Ueda,Kensuke Miyamoto and Seiichiro Kamisaka: "Separation of a new type of plant growth regulator,jasmonates,by chromatographic procedures" Journal of Chromatography. (in press). (1993)
[Publications] 川崎信二: "葉の老化のしくみを探る" 化学と生物. 28. 560-562 (1990)
[Publications] 川崎信二: "イネの2種類の老化異常変異体の性質について" 日本植物生理学会1990年度年会講演要旨集. 270 (1990)
[Publications] 川崎信二: "イネの老化変異体の性質と植物の膜タンパク質の機能解析" 第31回ガンマ-フィールド・シンポジウム/作物の新機能開発と突然変異の利用. 10-13 (1992)
[Publications] Hayakawa,T.,Yamaya,T.,Mae,T.,Ojima,K.: "Changes in the content of two glutamate synthase proteins in spikelets of rice(oryza sativa)plants during ripening." Plant Physiology. 101. 1257-1262 (1993)
[Publications] Hayakawa,T.,Nakamura,T.,Hattori,F.,Mae,T.,Ojima,K.,Yamaya,T.: "Cellular localization of NADH-dependent glutamate-synthase protein in vascular bandles of unexpended leaf blades and young grain of rice plants." Planta. 193(印刷中). (1994)
[Publications] Fukuda,H.,Yoshimura,T.,Sato,Y.and Demura,T.: "Molecular mechanism of xylem differentiation" J.Plant Research Special Issue. 3. 97-107 (1993)
[Publications] Sato,Y.,Sugiyama,M.,Gorecki,R.J.,Fukuda,H.and Komamine,A.: "Interrelationship between lignin deposition and the activities of peroxidase isozymes in differentiating tracheary elements of Zinnia:Analysis with L-a-aminooxy-b-phenylpropionic acid and 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid" Planta. 189. 584-589 (1993)
[Publications] Demura,T.and Fukuda,H.: "Molecular cloning and characterization of cDNAs associated with tracheary element differentiation in cultured Zinnia cells" Plant Physiology. 103. 815-821 (1993)
[Publications] Fukuda,H.: "Redifferentiation of single mesophyll cells into tracheary elements" International J.Plant Science. (in press). (1994)
[Publications] Suzuki,K.Kasamo,K.: "Effects of aging on the ATP-and pyrophosphate-dependent pumping of protons across the tonoplast isolated from pumpkin cotyledons" Plant Cell Physiol. 34. 613-619 (1993)
[Publications] Nishimura,Mikio: "Leaf peroxisomes are directly transformed to glyoxysomes during senescence of pumpkin cotyledons." Protoplasma. 175. 131-137 (1993)
[Publications] 林誠: "ミクロボディ機能変換の分子機構" 植物細胞工学. 5. 357-365 (1993)
[Publications] M.Ishitani,T.Takabe,K.Kojima,T.Takabe: "Regulation of Glucinebetaine Accumulation in the Halotorerant Cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica" Aust.J.Plant Physiol.20:(in press).
[Publications] S.Satoh,H.Mori and H.Imaseki: "Monomeric and dimeric forms of and mechanism-based inactivation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase." Plant Cell Physiol.34. 753-760 (1993)
[Publications] Ofosu-Anim,J. Yamaki,S: "Sugar content,compartmentation and efflux in strawberry fruit tissue" J.Amer.Soc.Hort.Sci.119(in press). (1994)
[Publications] Yamaki,S.Ito,M.Ofosu-Anim,J.Ozaki,S.Tshuchimoto,Y: "Cellular compartmentation and transport into tonoplasts restcles of sugars with ripening of pear fruit" Acta Horticulturae. 343. 12-17 (1993)
[Publications] Yamaki,S. Ino,M: "Alteration of collular compartmentation and membrane permeability to sugars in immature and mature apple fruit" J.Amer.Soc.Hort.Sci. 117. 951-954 (1992)
[Publications] MAE,T.,THOMAS,H.,GAY,AP.,MAKINO,A. & HIDEMA,T.: "Leaf development in Lolium,temulentum:Photosynthesis and photosynthetic proteins in leaves senescing under different irradiances." Plant Cell Physiol.34. 391-399 (1993)
[Publications] 地主建志・岡部敬一郎・石井龍一: "タバコ葉へのカーボニックアンヒドラーゼ(CA)cDNA導入による光合成能力向上の可能性.第1報トランスジェニックタバコの作出" 日本作物学会紀事. 63(別1). 251-252 (1994)
[Publications] 地主建志・岡部敬一郎・石井龍一: "タバコ葉へのカーボニックアンヒドラーゼ(CA)cDNA導入による光合成能力向上の可能性.第2報トランスジェニックタバコの光合成速度" 日本作物学会紀事. 63(別1). 253-254 (1994)
[Publications] S.Yamaki et al.: "Cellular compartmentation and transport into tonoplasts vesicles of sugars with ripening of pear fruit" Acta Horticulturae. 343. 12-17 (1993)
[Publications] S.Yamaki & M.Ino: "Alteration of cellular compartmentation and membrane permeability to sugars in immature and mature apple fruit" J.Amer.Soc.Hort.Sci.117. 951-954 (1992)
[Publications] Kawasaki,S.: "Analysis of leaf senescence through mutation and affinity-labeling" Gamma.Field.Symposia. 31. 45-65 (1993)
[Publications] MAE,T.(分筆): "Leaf Constituents and photosynthesis In Science of the rice plant.vol2" Matsuo T.,Kumazawa K.,Ishii K.,Hirata H(Eds) Food and Agriculture Policy Research Center,Tokyo(in press), (1994)
[Publications] 笠毛邦弘(共著): "基礎生物学講座5 植物の生理 6章発芽から老化まで-植物の成長-" 朝倉書店, 39 (1991)
[Publications] 鈴木健策・笠毛邦弘: "研究ジャーナル老化と生体膜" 農林水産技術情報協会, 7 (1993)

1993 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

植物における老化の機構に関する分子生物学的・細胞生物学的研究

Principal Investigator

渡辺 昭 東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 教授 (70023471)

Research Products

[Publications] Konishi,T.Watanabe,A.: "Transport of proteins into the thylakoid lumen-Stromal processing and energy requirements for the import of the precursor to the 23-kDa protein" Plant Cell Physiol. 34. 315-319 (1993)

[Publications] Konishi,T.Maruta,Y.Shinohara,K.Watanabe,A: "Transit peptides of thylakoid luminal proteins:the sites of stromal processing are conserved among higher plants" Plant Cell Physiol. 34. 1081-1087 (1993)

[Publications] Kawakami,N. Watanabe,A.: "Translatable mRNA for chloroplast-targeted proteins of detached radish cotyledons senescing in the dark" Plant Cell Physiol. 34. 697-704 (1993)

[Publications] Watanabe,A.: "植物はなぜ枯れるのか-その仕組みと意義" 日本の科学と技術. 34. 32-37 (1993)

[Publications] 加藤栄: "Acclimation and senescence of leaves:Their role in canopy Photosynthesis." Photosynthetic Responses to the Environment.H.Y.Yamamoto & C.M.Smith,eds.1-13 (1993)

[Publications] 加藤栄: "Effects of light,nutrient and age on distribution of nitrogen in leaves of a vine grown horizontally to avoid mutual shading." Oecologia. (in press).

[Publications] Junichi Ueda,Kensuke Miyamoto and Seiichiro Kamisaka: "Separation of a new type of plant growth regulator,jasmonates,by chromatographic procedures" Journal of Chromatography. (in press). (1993)

[Publications] 川崎信二: "葉の老化のしくみを探る" 化学と生物. 28. 560-562 (1990)

[Publications] 川崎信二: "イネの2種類の老化異常変異体の性質について" 日本植物生理学会1990年度年会講演要旨集. 270 (1990)

[Publications] 川崎信二: "イネの老化変異体の性質と植物の膜タンパク質の機能解析" 第31回ガンマ-フィールド・シンポジウム/作物の新機能開発と突然変異の利用. 10-13 (1992)

[Publications] Hayakawa,T.,Yamaya,T.,Mae,T.,Ojima,K.: "Changes in the content of two glutamate synthase proteins in spikelets of rice(oryza sativa)plants during ripening." Plant Physiology. 101. 1257-1262 (1993)

[Publications] Hayakawa,T.,Nakamura,T.,Hattori,F.,Mae,T.,Ojima,K.,Yamaya,T.: "Cellular localization of NADH-dependent glutamate-synthase protein in vascular bandles of unexpended leaf blades and young grain of rice plants." Planta. 193(印刷中). (1994)

[Publications] Fukuda,H.,Yoshimura,T.,Sato,Y.and Demura,T.: "Molecular mechanism of xylem differentiation" J.Plant Research Special Issue. 3. 97-107 (1993)

[Publications] Demura,T.and Fukuda,H.: "Molecular cloning and characterization of cDNAs associated with tracheary element differentiation in cultured Zinnia cells" Plant Physiology. 103. 815-821 (1993)

[Publications] Fukuda,H.: "Redifferentiation of single mesophyll cells into tracheary elements" International J.Plant Science. (in press). (1994)

[Publications] Suzuki,K.Kasamo,K.: "Effects of aging on the ATP-and pyrophosphate-dependent pumping of protons across the tonoplast isolated from pumpkin cotyledons" Plant Cell Physiol. 34. 613-619 (1993)

[Publications] Nishimura,Mikio: "Leaf peroxisomes are directly transformed to glyoxysomes during senescence of pumpkin cotyledons." Protoplasma. 175. 131-137 (1993)

[Publications] 林 誠: "ミクロボディ機能変換の分子機構" 植物細胞工学. 5. 357-365 (1993)

[Publications] M.Ishitani,T.Takabe,K.Kojima,T.Takabe: "Regulation of Glucinebetaine Accumulation in the Halotorerant Cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica" Aust.J.Plant Physiol.20:(in press).

[Publications] S.Satoh,H.Mori and H.Imaseki: "Monomeric and dimeric forms of and mechanism-based inactivation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase." Plant Cell Physiol.34. 753-760 (1993)

[Publications] Ofosu-Anim,J. Yamaki,S: "Sugar content,compartmentation and efflux in strawberry fruit tissue" J.Amer.Soc.Hort.Sci.119(in press). (1994)

[Publications] Yamaki,S.Ito,M.Ofosu-Anim,J.Ozaki,S.Tshuchimoto,Y: "Cellular compartmentation and transport into tonoplasts restcles of sugars with ripening of pear fruit" Acta Horticulturae. 343. 12-17 (1993)

[Publications] Yamaki,S. Ino,M: "Alteration of collular compartmentation and membrane permeability to sugars in immature and mature apple fruit" J.Amer.Soc.Hort.Sci. 117. 951-954 (1992)

[Publications] MAE,T.,THOMAS,H.,GAY,AP.,MAKINO,A. & HIDEMA,T.: "Leaf development in Lolium,temulentum:Photosynthesis and photosynthetic proteins in leaves senescing under different irradiances." Plant Cell Physiol.34. 391-399 (1993)

[Publications] 地主建志・岡部敬一郎・石井龍一: "タバコ葉へのカーボニックアンヒドラーゼ(CA)cDNA導入による光合成能力向上の可能性.第1報トランスジェニックタバコの作出" 日本作物学会紀事. 63(別1). 251-252 (1994)

[Publications] 地主建志・岡部敬一郎・石井龍一: "タバコ葉へのカーボニックアンヒドラーゼ(CA)cDNA導入による光合成能力向上の可能性.第2報トランスジェニックタバコの光合成速度" 日本作物学会紀事. 63(別1). 253-254 (1994)

[Publications] S.Yamaki et al.: "Cellular compartmentation and transport into tonoplasts vesicles of sugars with ripening of pear fruit" Acta Horticulturae. 343. 12-17 (1993)

[Publications] S.Yamaki & M.Ino: "Alteration of cellular compartmentation and membrane permeability to sugars in immature and mature apple fruit" J.Amer.Soc.Hort.Sci.117. 951-954 (1992)

[Publications] Kawasaki,S.: "Analysis of leaf senescence through mutation and affinity-labeling" Gamma.Field.Symposia. 31. 45-65 (1993)

[Publications] MAE,T.(分筆): "Leaf Constituents and photosynthesis In Science of the rice plant.vol2" Matsuo T.,Kumazawa K.,Ishii K.,Hirata H(Eds) Food and Agriculture Policy Research Center,Tokyo(in press), (1994)

[Publications] 笠毛邦弘(共著): "基礎生物学講座5 植物の生理 6章 発芽から老化まで-植物の成長-" 朝倉書店, 39 (1991)

[Publications] 鈴木健策・笠毛邦弘: "研究ジャーナル 老化と生体膜" 農林水産技術情報協会, 7 (1993)

渡辺昭東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 教授 (70023471)

[Publications] 林誠: "ミクロボディ機能変換の分子機構" 植物細胞工学. 5. 357-365 (1993)

[Publications] 笠毛邦弘(共著): "基礎生物学講座5 植物の生理 6章発芽から老化まで-植物の成長-" 朝倉書店, 39 (1991)

[Publications] 鈴木健策・笠毛邦弘: "研究ジャーナル老化と生体膜" 農林水産技術情報協会, 7 (1993)