| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
DUTTA Dushmanta University of Tokyo, Institute of Industrial Science, Research Associate, 生産技術研究所, 助手
MEGURO Kimiro University of Tokyo, Institute of Industrial Science, Associate Professor, 生産技術研究所, 助教授 (40222343)
KATAYAMA Tsuneo NIED Director, 防災科学技術研究所, 所長
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| Research Abstract |
In the present research project the goal was to develop a disaster analysis system for flood mitigation using Remote sensing and GIS technology. For this purpose, several physically based distributed mathematical models have been developed over the past few years. In the early phase of the project, two mathematical models were developed. One was a completely distributed hydrologic model, with rainfall interception, evapotranspiration, surfaced water balance, two dimensional subsurface flow module using Richards' equation, overland flow in steepest descent using Kinematic wave model, one demensional river model using Kinematic wave model and ground water simulation using Boussinesq equation. The deep subsurface was represented by a simplified process model. In the second model the governing equations were replaced by storage type models instead of pressure based equations, and SHU's (Similar hydrologic units) were lumped to develop a fast operational model. Both of these models were app
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lied to several catchmentsin Japan.
With the recent trend of rapid developments in computational power, a more complete distributed hydrologic model was developed in the later stages, which replace the steepest descent overland flow simulation with a flood model which simulate dynamic wave equation in 2 dimensional form, an implicit river network solution scheme for network of rivers and three dimensional solution of Richard's equation in the unsaturated zone. This model has been applied to large catchments in the Philippines and Thailand for flood forecasting. In addition, improvements were made to the distributed models for urban areas, so that they could simulate not only the natural hydrological cycle, but also the artificial water cycle generated by the inhabitants. The effect of on-site facilities such as infiltration systems on the flood reduction of the catchment was studied using the model.
For the above applications, remote sensing data has been used for the derivation of landcover information. Their accuracy and sensitivity to classification methodology has been studied. GIS was used to derive the DEM of catchments, generate river networks, to develop soil hydraulic
property maps, model aquifers using geologic information and to derive rainfall distribution over the catchment. GIS was used for both the pre processing and the post processing. Several flood forecasting applications have been carried out in Thai, Philippines and in Japanese chatchments. Less
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