| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
NAITO Junpei Univ. Nagoya, Fac. Agr., Assoc. Prof., 農学部, 助教授 (30048467)
SAITO Toru Nippon. Vet. Anim. Sci., Dept Exp. Anim. Assoc. Prof., 獣医学部, 助教授 (70211258)
SUGITA Shoei Univ. Utsunomiya, Fac. Agr., Prof., 農学部, 教授 (50154472)
MATSUI Kanji Univ. Shinshu, Fac. Agr., Prof., 農学部, 教授 (50126166)
HARADA Etsumori Univ. Tottori, Dept. Vet.Physiol., Prof., 農学部, 教授 (90001536)
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| Research Abstract |
The purpose of this research project is to eatablish the evaluation methods of the autonomic nervous function through investigating the properties of heart rate and blood pressure variabilities, digestive functions and morphological characteristics in various animal species including rats, voles, guinea pigs, sheeps, miniature pigs, horses and ducks. The heart rate in all mammals showed a clear diurnal rhythm and the power spectrum of heart rate variability revealed two major peaks which were consisted of high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) components. The HF and LW reflected the parasympathetic and both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous tones, respectively. The HF power increased and LF/HF decreased at rest or light period in many nocturnal animals. However, the LF/HF remained unchanged throughout the experimental period in Thoroughbred horses of which autonomic nervous tone was to a great extent dominant in the parasympathetic. The tremendously augmented sympathetic
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nervous tone was recognized during ejaculation in male rats of which heart rates immediately elevated when the males were together with esterous female rats but not when they were with non-esterous femals. The increased heart rate rapidly recovered, within 2 min, after the ejaculation. These findings suggest the important role of sympathetic nervous system on the performance of such sexual behavior. The amylase secretion from the pancreas is regulated by the parasympathetic tone in many mammals including guinea pigs, rats and voles. Such secretion was accerelated by propionic acid which was produced by fermentation in the digestive organs of guinea pigs and voles, but not affected in rats. These studies suggest the presence of species difference in regulation mechanisms of digestive function via the autonomic nervous system, which are closely related to their food intakes. The morphological studies on the innervation of the heart in ducks demonstrated the major sympathetic innervation, and the studies on the innervation of stomach in voles also clarified the characteristics of the central origin.
In conclusion, the autonomic nervous systems in mammals and birds have much variation in terms of functions and structures that are closely related to their life styles, i. e., food intake, nocturnal or diurnal acitivity, reproductive behaviors and other environments, and therefore have a beneficial strategy for adaptation to enviromerntal alterations by means of their reasonable energy product and consumption. Less
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