1998 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

変態における自己・非自己の認識転換と形作りの分子機構

Research Project

Project/Area Number	08276102
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (A)
Research Institution	The University of Tokyo
Principal Investigator	久保健雄東京大学, 大学院・薬学系研究科, 助教授 (10201469)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	上野孝治国立岡崎共同研究機構, 基礎生物学研究所, 助教授 (10143504) 芦田正明北海道大学, 低温科学研究所, 教授 (50012422) 桜井勝金沢大学, 理学部, 教授 (80143874) 石川統東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 教授 (70012482) 名取俊二東京大学, 大学院・薬学系研究科, 教授 (50012662)
Keywords	昆虫 / 変態 / 自己、非自己 / 認識転換 / 形態形成 / 脳 / 高次行動 / ホルモン
Research Abstract	昆虫の変態期には、それまで自己であった幼虫組織が非自己と識別されて排除される一方で、成虫組織が新たに成虫原基から発生してくる。本研究では、こうした昆虫の変態の分子機構の解明を目的とし、以下の成果を得た。 1、センチニクバエ蛹において、yellow body(幼虫中腸が成虫中腸に囲まれて崩壊する場所)特異的に出現する26-kDaプロテアーゼのcDNAクローニングを行い、この蛋白が抗菌活性を併せ持つことを示した。この蛋白は、幼虫中腸の崩壊と腸内細菌叢の制御に働く二重機能を持つ可能性がある(名取)。2、センチニクバエの細胞増殖因子(IDGF)と構造が類似し、雄の精母細胞特異的に発現する膜蛋白のcDNAをショウジョウバエで単離した(名取)。3、カイコ絹糸腺のアポトーシスを促進すると考えられるRNAを同定した(桜井)。4、カイコ腹肢に高発現する蛋白パルミチル化酵素のマウスホモログを同定し、その遺伝子がマウス胎児脳に発現し、ニューロンの軸策伸長に働くことを示唆した(上野)。5、カイコの生体防御蛋白の一種であるペプチドグルカン結合蛋白と、フェノール酸化酵素前駆体の活性化酵素を精製し、cDNAクローニングにより構造を決定した。6、アブラムシの細胞内共生細菌ブフネラが、リボフラビンを合成し宿主に供与していることを明らかにした(石川)。以上の知見は、変態時の幼虫組織の排除や成虫の組織形成、生体防御機構に働く新しい分子を同定した点で意義深い。さらに6、ミツバチ脳のキノコ体の2種の介在神経(大型ケニヨン細胞と小型ケニヨン細胞)に、それぞれ特異的に発現するM5遺伝子とKs遺伝子のcDNAを初めて単離した。また7、ミツバチのケニヨン細胞ではCa^<2+>情報伝達系に関わる遺伝子の発現増強が起きていることを示した(久保)。今後、これらの遺伝子産物の機能解析により、ミツバチの高次行動発現の分子メカニズムの一端が解明されると期待される。以上の研究の多くは、国際的にも高く評価されており、昆虫科学の枠を越えて、生命科学一般に対する波及効果を持つと期待される。

Research Products
(20 results)

All Other

All Publications (20 results)

[Publications] Lee,B.L.: "Molecular clonig and functional properties of two early staged encapsulation-inducing proteins from coleopteran insect,Tenebrio molitor larvae." Eur.J.Biochem.(in press). (1999)
[Publications] Lee,H.S.: "The pro-phenoloxodase of coelopteran insect,larvae,was activated during cell clump/cell adhesion of insect cellular defense reactions." FEBS Lett.(in press). (1999)
[Publications] Iimura,Y.: "Hemagglutinating properties of apolipophorin III from the hemolymph of Galleria mellonella larvae." Arch.Insect Biochem.Physiol.38. 119-125 (1998)
[Publications] Fukatsu,T.: "Differential immunohistochemical visualization of the primary and secondary intracellular symbiotic bacteria of aphids." Appl.Entmol.Zool.33. 321-326 (1998)
[Publications] Nakabachi,A.: "Provision of riboflavin by endosymbionts to the host aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum." J.Insect Physiol.45. 1-6 (1999)
[Publications] Satoh,D.: "Prophenolexidase-activating enzyme of the silkworm,Bombyx mori: purification,characterization and cDNA cloning." J.Biol.Chem.11. 7441-7453 (1998)
[Publications] Kamikouchi,A: "Preferential expression of the gene for a putative inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor homologue in the mushroom bodies of the brain of the worker honeybee Apis mellifera L." Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.242. 181-186 (1998)
[Publications] Fujimoto,Y.: "Two subunits of 26/29-kDa proteinase are probably derived from a common precursor protein." J.Biochem.(in press). (1999)
[Publications] Arai,T: "Cloning of cDNA for regenectin,a humoral C-type lectin of Periplaneta americana,and expression of the regenectin gene during leg regeneration." Insect Biochem.Mol.Biol.28. 987-994 (1998)
[Publications] Kitabayashi,N.A.: "Molecular cloning of cDNA for p10,a novel protein that increases in the regenerating legs of Periplaneta americana(American cockroach)" Insect Biochem.Mol.Biol.28. 785-790 (1998)
[Publications] Fujii,I.: "Induction of Sarcophaga central nervous system remodeling by 20-hydroxyecdyson in vitro." J.Biochem.(in press). (1999)
[Publications] Yamaguchi,S.: "A novel egg-derived tyrosine phosphatase,EDTP,that participates in the embryogenesis of Sarcophaga peregrina(Flesh fly)." Eur.J.Biochem.259. 946-953 (1998)
[Publications] Okuyama,H.: "Selective inactivation of elongation factor-2(EF-2) in free adipocytes obtained by treating Sarcophaga larval fat bodies with chymotrypsin." Insect Biochem.Mol.Biol.28. 301-307 (1998)
[Publications] Tsuji,Y.: "Antibacterial activity of a novel 26-kDa serine protease in the yellow body of Sarcophage peregrina (flesh fly)larvae." FEBS Lett.425. 131-133 (1998)
[Publications] Fujita,Y.: "A novel lectin from Sarcophaga." J.Biol.Chem.273. 9697-9672 (1998)
[Publications] Okamoto,M.: "Enhanced expression of an antimicrobial peptide sarcotoxin IA by GUS fusion in transgenic tobacco plants." Plant Cell Physiol.391. 57-63 (1998)
[Publications] Lee,S.Y.: "Molecular cloning of cDNA for pro-phenoloxidase activating factor I,a serine protease is induced by lipopolysaccharide or 1,3-β-glucan in coleopteran insect,Holotrichia diomphalia larvae." Eur.J.Biochem.257. 615-621 (1998)
[Publications] Kobayashi,A: "Identification and characterization of sevenless in the malaria insect vector Anopheles gambiae." Insect Mol.Biol.(in press). (1999)
[Publications] Ochiai,M.: "A pattern-recognition protein for peptideglycan: cloning the cDNA and the gene of the silk worm,Bombyx mori." J.Biol. Chem.(in press). (1999)
[Publications] Morioka,M.: "Methods in Enzymology" Academic Press,New York., 12 (1998)

1998 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

変態における自己・非自己の認識転換と形作りの分子機構

Principal Investigator

久保 健雄 東京大学, 大学院・薬学系研究科, 助教授 (10201469)

Research Products

[Publications] Lee,B.L.: "Molecular clonig and functional properties of two early staged encapsulation-inducing proteins from coleopteran insect,Tenebrio molitor larvae." Eur.J.Biochem.(in press). (1999)

[Publications] Lee,H.S.: "The pro-phenoloxodase of coelopteran insect,larvae,was activated during cell clump/cell adhesion of insect cellular defense reactions." FEBS Lett.(in press). (1999)

[Publications] Iimura,Y.: "Hemagglutinating properties of apolipophorin III from the hemolymph of Galleria mellonella larvae." Arch.Insect Biochem.Physiol.38. 119-125 (1998)

[Publications] Fukatsu,T.: "Differential immunohistochemical visualization of the primary and secondary intracellular symbiotic bacteria of aphids." Appl.Entmol.Zool.33. 321-326 (1998)

[Publications] Nakabachi,A.: "Provision of riboflavin by endosymbionts to the host aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum." J.Insect Physiol.45. 1-6 (1999)

[Publications] Satoh,D.: "Prophenolexidase-activating enzyme of the silkworm,Bombyx mori: purification,characterization and cDNA cloning." J.Biol.Chem.11. 7441-7453 (1998)

[Publications] Kamikouchi,A: "Preferential expression of the gene for a putative inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor homologue in the mushroom bodies of the brain of the worker honeybee Apis mellifera L." Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.242. 181-186 (1998)

[Publications] Fujimoto,Y.: "Two subunits of 26/29-kDa proteinase are probably derived from a common precursor protein." J.Biochem.(in press). (1999)

[Publications] Arai,T: "Cloning of cDNA for regenectin,a humoral C-type lectin of Periplaneta americana,and expression of the regenectin gene during leg regeneration." Insect Biochem.Mol.Biol.28. 987-994 (1998)

[Publications] Kitabayashi,N.A.: "Molecular cloning of cDNA for p10,a novel protein that increases in the regenerating legs of Periplaneta americana(American cockroach)" Insect Biochem.Mol.Biol.28. 785-790 (1998)

[Publications] Fujii,I.: "Induction of Sarcophaga central nervous system remodeling by 20-hydroxyecdyson in vitro." J.Biochem.(in press). (1999)

[Publications] Yamaguchi,S.: "A novel egg-derived tyrosine phosphatase,EDTP,that participates in the embryogenesis of Sarcophaga peregrina(Flesh fly)." Eur.J.Biochem.259. 946-953 (1998)

[Publications] Okuyama,H.: "Selective inactivation of elongation factor-2(EF-2) in free adipocytes obtained by treating Sarcophaga larval fat bodies with chymotrypsin." Insect Biochem.Mol.Biol.28. 301-307 (1998)

[Publications] Tsuji,Y.: "Antibacterial activity of a novel 26-kDa serine protease in the yellow body of Sarcophage peregrina (flesh fly)larvae." FEBS Lett.425. 131-133 (1998)

[Publications] Fujita,Y.: "A novel lectin from Sarcophaga." J.Biol.Chem.273. 9697-9672 (1998)

[Publications] Okamoto,M.: "Enhanced expression of an antimicrobial peptide sarcotoxin IA by GUS fusion in transgenic tobacco plants." Plant Cell Physiol.391. 57-63 (1998)

[Publications] Lee,S.Y.: "Molecular cloning of cDNA for pro-phenoloxidase activating factor I,a serine protease is induced by lipopolysaccharide or 1,3-β-glucan in coleopteran insect,Holotrichia diomphalia larvae." Eur.J.Biochem.257. 615-621 (1998)

[Publications] Kobayashi,A: "Identification and characterization of sevenless in the malaria insect vector Anopheles gambiae." Insect Mol.Biol.(in press). (1999)

[Publications] Ochiai,M.: "A pattern-recognition protein for peptideglycan: cloning the cDNA and the gene of the silk worm,Bombyx mori." J.Biol. Chem.(in press). (1999)

[Publications] Morioka,M.: "Methods in Enzymology" Academic Press,New York., 12 (1998)

久保健雄東京大学, 大学院・薬学系研究科, 助教授 (10201469)