2018 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Spatial characteristics of the Japanese architecture and the sliding doors

Research Project

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Project/Area Number	16H04486
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Allocation Type	Single-year Grants
Section	一般
Research Field	Architectural history/Design
Research Institution	Kindai University
Principal Investigator	KAWAMOTO Shigeo 近畿大学, 建築学部, 教授 (40175295)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	福田美穂大阪市立大学, 大学院生活科学研究科, 准教授 (50379046)
Research Collaborator	Phan Thanh Hai Hue Monuments Conservation Centre, Director Cho Jaemo Kyungpook National University, Professor
Project Period (FY)	2016-04-01 – 2019-03-31
Keywords	書院造 / 遣戸 / 宮殿 / 寝殿造 / 民家
Outline of Final Research Achievements	One of the characteristics of the traditional Japanese architecture, especially the Japanese houses, is that they use almost no walls to enclose their interior space, but use the double sliding screens such as fusuma, shoji, and the wooden panel doors. The sliding screen was invented in the late 10th century in Japan as the partition of the aristocrats’ house, and then this was widely accepted in the traditional Japanese architecture. In the Heian period, the pillar space of the aristocrats’ houses was divided by the bamboo shutters, clothes and the sliding screens. But in the 13th　century, the room enclosed by the sliding screens and the other doors of its four sides was appeared in the historical record. In the 15th century, a room surrounded by the sliding screens became a unit of the Japanese residence. Japanese houses were formed as a collection of the rooms surrounded by the sliding screens.And in the 17th century the sliding screens were introduced in the Japanese folk house.
Free Research Field	日本建築史
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	伝統的な日本の住まいの大きな特徴は、襖や障子などの建具で囲われた部屋で形作られている点にある。部屋は壁で囲われるのが世界共通のやり方で、壁を用いず建具で囲って部屋を作る家の作り方は日本以外では見られない。この研究は、10世紀後半に日本で発明された襖や障子などの建具が、どのように普及し、日本固有の建築文化を作りだしたかを検証したものである。13世紀に建具で囲われた部屋が登場し、15世紀には建具で囲われた部屋を単位とし、その集合として家が作られるようになったこと、江戸時代初めには民家にもこの手法が取り入れられたことを明らかにした。