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2020 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

Behaviour of liquids under high pressure and the early evolution of the Earth

Research Project

Project/Area Number 16H06285
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

廣瀬 敬  東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 教授 (50270921)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 大石 泰生  公益財団法人高輝度光科学研究センター, 回折・散乱推進室, 主席研究員 (20344400)
ハーンルンド ジョン  東京工業大学, 地球生命研究所, 教授 (30723712)
小澤 一仁  東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 教授 (90160853)
Alfred Baron  国立研究開発法人理化学研究所, 放射光科学研究センター, グループディレクター (90442920)
Project Period (FY) 2016-04-26 – 2021-03-31
Keywords初期地球 / 高圧 / 元素分配 / マグマオーシャン / コア形成
Outline of Annual Research Achievements

今年度は、高圧高温下における含水シリケイトガラスと金属鉄の融解実験を行い、コア形成時に、金属とシリケイト(コアとマントル)間で水素がどう分配されたかを明らかにすることができた。さらに、地球の集積とコア形成を同時に扱ったモデルをたて、シリケイト側(マントル+地殻+海)に現在存在する水の量を残す場合、コアには3000から6000ppmの水素が含まれているはずであることを突き止めた。地球外核の密度が液体純鉄よりもおよそ8%小さいことはよく知られている。上記の水素量はコアの密度低下の3割から6割を説明する。つまり、水素は地球コアの主要な軽元素である可能性が高い。今回得られたモデルは、同時に、地球以外の地球型(岩石)惑星・衛星でも、その質量が地球の10%を超えると、その金属コアに水素が大量に溶け込んでいる可能性が高いことも明らかになった。また、ケイ素は鉄合金中で最も高い不純物抵抗を示すことから、Fe-Si合金の熱伝導率は地球コアのそれの最低値を示すとされる。そこで、Fe-Si合金の電気抵抗率・熱伝導率の温度依存性を、内部抵抗加熱式のダイヤモンドセル装置を用いて、精密に測定することに成功した。その結果、地球コアの熱伝導率はその最上部において79W/m/Kであり、今回の精密測定の結果も、コアの高い熱伝導率を支持する。従って、内核誕生以前のコアの対流は、熱的な浮力ではなく、化学的な浮力によって駆動されてきた可能性が高いことが明らかになった。その他、下部マントルの主要鉱物、ブリッジマナイトやポストペロフスカイトの熱伝導率についても重要な成果が得られた。

Research Progress Status

令和2年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

令和2年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

  • Research Products

    (45 results)

All 2021 2020 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (3 results) Journal Article (36 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 20 results,  Peer Reviewed: 32 results,  Open Access: 4 results) Presentation (6 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 5 results,  Invited: 2 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris/Institut de Mineralogie/Universite de Lyon(フランス)

    • Country Name
      FRANCE
    • Counterpart Institution
      Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris/Institut de Mineralogie/Universite de Lyon
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of California Berkeley/Geophysical Laboratory(米国)

    • Country Name
      U.S.A.
    • Counterpart Institution
      University of California Berkeley/Geophysical Laboratory
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ETH Zurich(スイス)

    • Country Name
      SWITZERLAND
    • Counterpart Institution
      ETH Zurich
  • [Journal Article] A cylindrical SiC heater for an externally heated diamond anvil cell to 1500 K2021

    • Author(s)
      Okuda Yoshiyuki、Kimura Seiji、Ohta Kenji、Park Yohan、Wakamatsu Tatsuya、Mashino Izumi、Hirose Kei
    • Journal Title

      Review of Scientific Instruments

      Volume: 92 Pages: 015119~015119

    • DOI

      10.1063/5.0036551

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Experimental evidence for hydrogen incorporation into Earth’s core2021

    • Author(s)
      Tagawa, S., Sakamoto, N., Hirose, K., Ohishi, Y., Yurimoto, H.
    • Journal Title

      Nature Communications,

      Volume: 12 Pages: -

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] The pressure-induced local structural change around tungsten in silicate glass2021

    • Author(s)
      Ozawa, K., Hirose, K., Kuwayama, Y., Takahashi, Y.
    • Journal Title

      Geochemical Perspectives Letters

      Volume: in press Pages: -

  • [Journal Article] Practical measurement of the energy resolution for meV-resolved inelastic X-ray scattering2021

    • Author(s)
      Ishikawa Daisuke、Baron Alfred Q. R.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

      Volume: 28 Pages: 804~811

    • DOI

      10.1107/S1600577521003234

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Collective dynamics of liquid acetone investigated by inelastic X-ray scattering2021

    • Author(s)
      Hosokawa Shinya、Kamiyama Takashi、Yoshida Koji、Yamaguchi Toshio、Tsutsui Satoshi、Baron Alfred Q.R.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Molecular Liquids

      Volume: 332 Pages: 115825~115825

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115825

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Temperature-gradient analyzers for non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering2021

    • Author(s)
      Ishikawa Daisuke、Baron Alfred Q. R.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

      Volume: 28 Pages: 756~768

    • DOI

      10.1107/S160057752100179X

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Chemical compositions of the outer core examined by first principles calculations2020

    • Author(s)
      Umemoto Koichiro、Hirose Kei
    • Journal Title

      Earth and Planetary Science Letters

      Volume: 531 Pages: 116009~116009

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.epsl.2019.116009

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] New developments in high-pressure X-ray diffraction beamline for diamond anvil cell at SPring-82020

    • Author(s)
      Hirao N.、Kawaguchi S. I.、Hirose K.、Shimizu K.、Ohtani E.、Ohishi Y.
    • Journal Title

      Matter and Radiation at Extremes

      Volume: 5 Pages: 018403~018403

    • DOI

      10.1063/1.5126038

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Stability of fcc phase FeH to 137 GPa2020

    • Author(s)
      Kato Chie、Umemoto Koichiro、Ohta Kenji、Tagawa Shoh、Hirose Kei、Ohishi Yasuo
    • Journal Title

      American Mineralogist

      Volume: 105 Pages: 917~921

    • DOI

      10.2138/am-2020-7153

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Equation of State of Liquid Iron under Extreme Conditions2020

    • Author(s)
      Kuwayama Yasuhiro、Morard Guillaume、Nakajima Yoichi、Hirose Kei、Baron Alfred Q.?R.、Kawaguchi Saori I.、Tsuchiya Taku、Ishikawa Daisuke、Hirao Naohisa、Ohishi Yasuo
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review Letters

      Volume: 124 Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.165701

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Effect of sulfur on sound velocity of liquid iron under Martian core conditions2020

    • Author(s)
      Nishida Keisuke、Shibazaki Yuki、Terasaki Hidenori、Higo Yuji、Suzuki Akio、Funamori Nobumasa、Hirose Kei
    • Journal Title

      Nature Communications

      Volume: 11 Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41467-020-15755-2

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Silicon‐Depleted Present‐Day Earth's Outer Core Revealed by Sound Velocity Measurements of Liquid Fe‐Si Alloy2020

    • Author(s)
      Nakajima Yoichi、Kawaguchi Saori I.、Hirose Kei、Tateno Shigehiko、Kuwayama Yasuhiro、Sinmyo Ryosuke、Ozawa Haruka、Tsutsui Satoshi、Uchiyama Hiroshi、Baron Alfred Q. R.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

      Volume: 125 Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.1029/2020JB019399

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Sound Velocity of Liquid Fe?P at High Pressure2020

    • Author(s)
      Kinoshita Daisuke、Nakajima Yoichi、Kuwayama Yasuhiro、Hirose Kei、Iwamoto Asaki、Ishikawa Daisuke、Baron Alfred Q. R.
    • Journal Title

      physica status solidi (b)

      Volume: 257 Pages: 2000171~2000171

    • DOI

      10.1002/pssb.202000171

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Resistivity saturation of hcp Fe-Si alloys in an internally heated diamond anvil cell: A key to assessing the Earth's core conductivity2020

    • Author(s)
      Inoue Hayato、Suehiro Sho、Ohta Kenji、Hirose Kei、Ohishi Yasuo
    • Journal Title

      Earth and Planetary Science Letters

      Volume: 543 Pages: 116357~116357

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116357

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Thermal conductivity of Fe-bearing post-perovskite in the Earth's lowermost mantle2020

    • Author(s)
      Okuda Yoshiyuki、Ohta Kenji、Hasegawa Akira、Yagi Takashi、Hirose Kei、Kawaguchi Saori I.、Ohishi Yasuo
    • Journal Title

      Earth and Planetary Science Letters

      Volume: 547 Pages: 116466~116466

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116466

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] New pressure-induced phase transition to Co2Si-type Fe2P2020

    • Author(s)
      Nakajima, Y., Araki, S., Kinoshita, D., Hirose, K., Tateno, S., Kawaguchi, S. I., Hirao, N.
    • Journal Title

      American Mineralogist

      Volume: 105 Pages: 1752-1755

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Anomalous compressibility in (Fe,Al)-bearing bridgmanite: implications for the spin state of iron2020

    • Author(s)
      Okuda Yoshiyuki、Ohta Kenji、Sinmyo Ryosuke、Hirose Kei、Ohishi Yasuo
    • Journal Title

      Physics and Chemistry of Minerals

      Volume: 47 Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.1007/s00269-020-01109-3

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Thermodynamical Modeling of Liquid Fe‐Si‐Mg‐O:Molten Magnesium Silicate Release From the Core2020

    • Author(s)
      Helffrich George、Hirose Kei、Nomura Ryuichi
    • Journal Title

      Geophysical Research Letters

      Volume: 47 Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.1029/2020GL089218

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The thermal conductivity of the Earth's core and implications for its thermal and compositional evolution2020

    • Author(s)
      Ohta Kenji、Hirose Kei
    • Journal Title

      National Science Review

      Volume: 8 Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.1093/nsr/nwaa303

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Beryllium polyhydride Be4H8(H2)2 synthesized at high pressure and temperature2020

    • Author(s)
      Matsuoka Takahiro、Fujihisa Hiroshi、Ishikawa Takahiro、Nakagawa Takaya、Kuno Keiji、Hirao Naohisa、Ohishi Yasuo、Shimizu Katsuya、Sasaki Shigeo
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review Materials

      Volume: 4 Pages: 125402

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevmaterials.4.125402

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Compression experiments to 126 GPa and 2500 K and thermal equation of state of Fe3S: Implications for sulphur in the Earth's core2020

    • Author(s)
      Thompson Samuel、Komabayashi Tetsuya、Breton Helene、Suehiro Sho、Glazyrin Konstantin、Pakhomova Anna、Ohishi Yasuo
    • Journal Title

      Earth and Planetary Science Letters

      Volume: 534 Pages: 116080~116080

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116080

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Dynamic observation of MoSiBTiC alloy phase transitions using in situ ultrahigh-temperature X-ray diffraction measurement2020

    • Author(s)
      Fukuyama Hiroyuki、Ohtsuka Makoto、Sawada Ryogo、Nakashima Haruki、Ohishi Yasuo、Hirao Naohisa、Takata Masaki、Yoshimi Kyosuke
    • Journal Title

      Materialia

      Volume: 13 Pages: 100867~100867

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.mtla.2020.100867

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] The Ductile‐to‐Brittle Transition Recorded in the Balmuccia Peridotite Body, Italy: Ambient Temperature for the Onset of Seismic Rupture in Mantle Rocks2020

    • Author(s)
      Ueda Tadamasa、Obata Masaaki、Ozawa Kazuhito、Shimizu Ichiko
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

      Volume: 125 Pages: e2019JB017385

    • DOI

      10.1029/2019JB017385

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Thermal and decompression history of the Lanzo Massif, northern Italy: Implications for the thermal structure near the lithosphere?asthenosphere boundary2020

    • Author(s)
      Aoki Tomo、Ozawa Kazuhito、Bodinier Jean-Louis、Boudier Fran?oise、Sato Yuto
    • Journal Title

      Lithos

      Volume: 372-373 Pages: 105661~105661

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105661

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Thermal state of the upper mantle and the origin of the Cambrian-Ordovician ophiolite pulse: Constraints from ultramafic dikes of the Hayachine-Miyamori ophiolite2020

    • Author(s)
      Kimura Takafumi、Ozawa Kazuhito、Kuritani Takeshi、Iizuka Tsuyoshi、Nakagawa Mitsuhiro
    • Journal Title

      American Mineralogist

      Volume: 105 Pages: 1778~1801

    • DOI

      10.2138/am-2020-7160

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] モホロビチッチ不連続面(Moho)とリソスフェア-アセノスフェア境界(LAB)の一致(MohoLAB):大陸地殻の進化を支配する重要な境界2020

    • Author(s)
      小澤一仁・佐藤侑人・木村皐史・田上創・Hassan Eman Saad Abdelsalam
    • Journal Title

      新地球

      Volume: 1 Pages: 3-13

    • Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] 一ノ目潟産スピネルかんらん岩捕獲岩を用いた島弧域リソスフェア-アセノスフェア境界領域の復元2020

    • Author(s)
      佐藤侑人・小澤一仁
    • Journal Title

      新地球

      Volume: 1 Pages: 14-20

    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] カンブリア-オルドビス紀のオフィオライトパルスの成因と上部マントルの熱状態2020

    • Author(s)
      木村皐史・小澤一仁
    • Journal Title

      新地球

      Volume: 1 Pages: 21-26

    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Two-Component Dynamics and the Liquidlike to Gaslike Crossover in Supercritical Water2020

    • Author(s)
      Sun Peihao、Hastings J.?B.、Ishikawa Daisuke、Baron Alfred Q.?R.、Monaco Giulio
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review Letters

      Volume: 125 Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.256001

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Spin-orbit coupling effects on spin-phonon coupling in Cd2Os2O72020

    • Author(s)
      Kim Taehun、Kim Choong H.、Jeong Jaehong、Park Pyeongjae、Park Kisoo、Lee Ki Hoon、Leiner Jonathan C.、Ishikawa Daisuke、Baron Alfred Q. R.、Hiroi Zenji、Park Je-Geun
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review B

      Volume: 102 Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.1103/PhysRevB.102.201101

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Local self-motion of water through the Van Hove function2020

    • Author(s)
      Shinohara Yuya、Dmowski Wojciech、Iwashita Takuya、Ishikawa Daisuke、Baron Alfred Q. R.、Egami Takeshi
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review E

      Volume: 102 Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.1103/PhysRevE.102.032604

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Magnetoelastic excitations in multiferroic hexagonal YMnO3 studied by inelastic x-ray scattering2020

    • Author(s)
      Park Kisoo、Oh Joosung、Lee Ki Hoon、Leiner Jonathan C.、Sim Hasung、Nahm Ho-Hyun、Kim Taehun、Jeong Jaehong、Ishikawa Daisuke、Baron Alfred Q. R.、Park Je-Geun
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review B

      Volume: 102 Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.1103/PhysRevB.102.085110

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Sound Speed in Glassy AsxSe1-x (x=0.4, 0.5 and 0.6) by Inelastic X-Rays Scattering2020

    • Author(s)
      Inui Masanori、Matsuda Kazuhiro、Hosokawa Shinya、Nakajima Yoichi、Tsutsui Satoshi、Ishikawa Daisuke、Baron Alfred Q. R.
    • Journal Title

      physica status solidi (b)

      Volume: 257 Pages: 2000134~2000134

    • DOI

      10.1002/pssb.202000134

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The sound velocity of w?stite at high pressures: implications for low-velocity anomalies at the base of the lower mantle2020

    • Author(s)
      Tanaka Ryosuke、Sakamaki Tatsuya、Ohtani Eiji、Fukui Hiroshi、Kamada Seiji、Suzuki Akio、Tsutsui Satoshi、Uchiyama Hiroshi、Baron Alfred Q. R.
    • Journal Title

      Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

      Volume: 7 Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.1186/s40645-020-00333-3

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Furnace for Inelastic X‐Ray Scattering from Liquids up to 1600°C2020

    • Author(s)
      Baron Alfred Q. R.、Inui Masanori、Ishikawa Daisuke、Matsuda Kazuhiro、Kajihara Yukio、Nakajima Yoichi、Taguchi Kazuhiko、Hattori Yasunori
    • Journal Title

      physica status solidi (b)

      Volume: 257 Pages: 2000093~2000093

    • DOI

      10.1002/pssb.202000093

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Nematic Correlation Length in Iron-Based Superconductors Probed by Inelastic X-Ray Scattering2020

    • Author(s)
      A. Merritt, F. Weber, J.-P Castellan, Th. Wolf, D. Ishikawa, A. H. Said, A. Alatas, R.M. Fernandes, A.Q.R. Baron and D. Reznik
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review Letters

      Volume: 124 Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.157001

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Considerations for Spectroscopic Applications2021

    • Author(s)
      A.Q.R. Baron
    • Organizer
      Cavity based XFEL Workshop, European XFEL
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 超高温X線回折によるMoSiBTiC合金の相生成・消滅過程の直接測定2020

    • Author(s)
      大石泰生、平尾直久、福山博之、大塚誠、澤田龍伍、中島治樹、吉見享祐
    • Organizer
      日本金属学会
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Plagioclase peridotite or olivine-plagioclase assemblage in orogenic peridotites: its implications on high-temperature decompression of the subcontinental lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary zone2020

    • Author(s)
      K. Ozawa, C. J. Garrido, Hidas, K. J-L. Bodinier, and T. Aoki
    • Organizer
      European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2020 (on line)
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Olivine-plagioclase assemblage in orogenic peridotites: Proxy for the extent of lithosphere thinning and asthenosphere shallowing2020

    • Author(s)
      K. Ozawa, C. J. Garrido, Hidas, K. J-L. Bodinier, and T. Aoki
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合(JpGU)2020年大会 (on line iPoster)
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary Zone: Material Science Approaches2020

    • Author(s)
      小澤一仁
    • Organizer
      変成岩などシンポジウム2020 (on line)
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Earth’s deep interior revealed by high-pressure experiments2020

    • Author(s)
      K. Hirose
    • Organizer
      JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020

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Published: 2021-12-27  

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