2019 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Affinities between Japanese style fisheries management and Individual Quota (IQ) ; What is Japanese style IQ?

Research Project

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Project/Area Number	16K07848
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Allocation Type	Multi-year Fund
Section	一般
Research Field	Aquatic bioproduction science
Research Institution	Fukui Prefectural University
Principal Investigator	Higashimura Reiko 福井県立大学, 海洋生物資源学部, 准教授 (30363881)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	大西学名古屋外国語大学, 現代国際学部, 准教授 (00425018)
Project Period (FY)	2016-04-01 – 2020-03-31
Keywords	IQ / 新しい漁業法 / ズワイガニ / 自主的管理 / サバ試験的IQ / TAC / 業界団体
Outline of Final Research Achievements	We studied about fishers’ own rules and possibility of introducing IQ into some fisheries in Japan. We focused on snowcrab fishery in Western Japan Sea area and large and medium-scale purse seine fishery of mackerel in the North Pacific. We made interviews with snowcrab fishers in the area. Fishery Agency decides TAC for this fishery every year. After that, TAC is allocated to prefectures based on 3 years of previous catches. But more importantly, fishers negotiate their own rules. This negotiation started in 1964 and fishers convert allocated TAC to their own rules, which are fishing seasons, size of crabs, and numbers of crabs per trip. We also made research into trial IQ system for large and medium-scale purse seine fishery of mackerel in the North Pacific. Under this trial IQ system, fishers made very complicated rules including IQ per vessel and per month. Fishers’ own rules are one of the strong characteristics of some Japanese fisheries.
Free Research Field	漁業経済学
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	新しい法律では，TAC対象魚種には原則としてIQを導入されると規定されている。しかしIQは漁業管理の一手法でしかないし，洋上投棄などの問題も懸念されている。日本海西部海域のズワイガニ漁業では漁業者の自主的管理が1964年から行われており，漁期中にも自主的管理の交渉は行われ，細かい規則により効率的な漁業管理が行われていることが明らかになった。一方の北部太平洋まき網漁業（サバ類）でも，自主的IQの下で個別の船別IQや月別IQといった非常に細やかな漁業者の自主的IQが機能している 2つの事例を分析を通じてIQによる漁業管理が本当に必要かつ効率なのか，その問題点を明らかにした点で社会的意義が大きい。