2020 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Methane fermentation of inedible biomass by highly concentrated and compacted functional rumen microbial communities

Research Project

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Project/Area Number	17H01512
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
Allocation Type	Single-year Grants
Section	一般
Research Field	Environmental agriculture(including landscape science)
Research Institution	Niigata Agro-Food University (2018-2020) Tohoku University (2017)
Principal Investigator	Yutaka Nakai 新潟食料農業大学, 食料産業学科, 教授 (80155655)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	多田千佳東北大学, 農学研究科, 准教授 (30413892) 福田康弘東北大学, 農学研究科, 助教 (50527794) 馬場保徳石川県立大学, 生物資源環境学部, 講師 (70747823) 阿部憲一新潟食料農業大学, 食料産業学科, 講師 (80618835) 浅野亮樹新潟食料農業大学, 食料産業学科, 講師 (20646137)
Project Period (FY)	2017-04-01 – 2021-03-31
Keywords	メタン / ルーメン微生物 / バイオマス / メタゲノム / セルラーゼ
Outline of Final Research Achievements	After the treatment of crop residues or waste paper by cattle rumen fluid, methane fermentation of these materials was accelerated. Enzymes and microbial communities in the process was investigated. Fiber‐degrading cellulase was diverse in the process; however, specific enzymes of xylanase showed high enzymatic activity continuously. Cellulase activity in the rumen treatment tank was continued for more than one month. At least five types of cellulases having different molecular sizes were existed. Microbes producing or involving these cellulases were unclassified species and not dominant in the microbial community.
Free Research Field	環境農学（含ランドスケープ科学）
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	申請者らは牛のルーメン（第一胃）液を活用したルーメン・ハイブリッド型メタン発酵システムを開発し、草本のリグノセルロース分解効率を高め、高効率なバイオガス化を実現してきた。さらに本研究により、ルーメン微生物の植物繊維分解の活性を長期間維持できること、さらにこれらに関わる酵素の種類、構造などをあきらかにした。以上より、本研究は非食用バイオマスのエネルギー化システム開発に必要な重要な情報を提供した。