| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
OTOMO Masako 中京大学, 現代社会学部, 教授 (30060700)
MATSUKANE Kimimasa 宇都宮大学, 国際学部, 准教授 (50334074)
MATSUDA Kyoko 南山大学, 人文学部, 准教授 (20283707)
FUJINAMI Kiyoshi 沖縄国際大学, 総合文化学部, 准教授 (20328652)
KATO Kiyofumi 国文学研究資料館, アーカイブズ系, 助教 (70353414)
MAEKAWA Kaori 上智大学, アジア文化研究所, 共同所員 (30413917)
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| Research Abstract |
We did research on the national cemetery for the war dead, family graves which included the war dead, and the memorial war dead in Europe, Asian area and Japan. We specialized the time at the modern nation state. In this study, we focused on the reference between the nation and the people, between the certain area and it's citizens, and their religions. Below are the conclusions of this study.
Japan
In Japan, the basic pattern of the graves for the war dead were erected by their own families and respected their own religions. People erected the graves for the war dead and sometims the memorials war dead, independently.
Foreign Countries
(a) In U.S.A, U.K. and France, these nations are the winners of the First and the Second World War, the cemetery for the war dead is erected by the nation, and the war dead soldiers are recognized by the nation. Also, they are remembered by the memorial services. The soldier's individual religion is respected by the nation.
(b) In China, Vietnam and Turkey,
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these nations are emergent countries, the cemetrey for the war dead is erected by the nation. Especially, they are recognized as the political symbols of the nationalism and the national unification.
(c) Germany, which is the loser of the First and the Second World War, the cemetrey for the war dead is erected by the nation, and the war dead soldiers are recognized by the nation. But the philosophy of the recognition is based on the individual's respect and the pacifism.
Other nations
In our research, we could find these three types on the recognition of the war dead. In other countries, the recognition of the war dead shows us the mixed types of these three types.
These types about the recognition of the war dead depends on the several factors. The first factors depends on whether the nation were a winner or not. The second factor depends on the level of the destruction by the attack. And there are another factors in the back. These are the political dynamics, the history and the culture of the nation, and the solidarity of the society.
So, when we do work on this problem, we have to depend on and consider well these plural principles. Less
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