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2020 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Development of a HIV-1 genome editing system and genome inducing agent for HIV-1 treatment

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 18K16180
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Basic Section 54030:Infectious disease medicine-related
Research InstitutionKumamoto University

Principal Investigator

Nakamura Tomofumi  熊本大学, 大学院生命科学研究部(医), 研究員 (00772526)

Project Period (FY) 2018-04-01 – 2021-03-31
KeywordsHIV-1感染症 / 新規HIV-1治療法 / HIV-1ゲノム編集 / CRISPA-Cas9
Outline of Final Research Achievements

HIV-1 DNA elimination from the human body was required for HIV-1 cure as a next generation therapy. We created a novel modified CRISPR-Cas9 to cut the HIV proviral remaining in the infected cells and utilized adeno-associated virus (rAAV) or exosomes like parcels (Gesicle) as delivery systems, producing a new HIV-1 genome editing system in vitro. However, HIV-1 infectivity ability and replication fitness was so powerful that the only new systems did not inhibit the HIV-1 proliferation. Even though the addition of some HIV-1 drugs after HIV-1 infection, it was hard to eliminate HIV-1 provirus from the infected cells. Further improvement of these tools was required for HIV-1 provirus elimination from HIV-1 infected cells.

Free Research Field

HIV-1 感染症

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

HIV感染症は、combination antiviral therapy(cART)が唯一の治療法であるが、服薬を中止すると体内のHIVリザーバーからHIV が再増殖するため、生涯にわたりcARTを継続しなければならない。ゆえに『HIV治癒』に向けて斬新で画期的な新規治療法の開発が必要不可欠な状況である。問題となるHIVリザーバーの一因として、HIVのプロウイルス状態(感染細胞に増殖可能なHIV-1 DNAが残存)が指摘されているが、このHIVプロウイルスの排除法を開発することが『HIV治癒』に向けて必須のステップになると考えられる。

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Published: 2022-01-27  

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